中文English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

乙型肝炎病毒相关肝硬化的临床诊断、评估和抗病毒治疗的综合管理

科技部十二五重大专项联合课题组专家

引用本文:
Citation:

乙型肝炎病毒相关肝硬化的临床诊断、评估和抗病毒治疗的综合管理

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2014.02.002
基金项目: 

科技部十二五重大专项课题(2012ZX09303001;2013ZX10002004); 

详细信息
  • 中图分类号: R575.2

Management of clinical diagnosis, evaluation, and antiviral therapy for HBV-related cirrhosis

Research funding: 

 

  • [1]XU B, XU GG, GUO Q, et al.Long term treatment of lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B patients with severe liver fibrosis-ten-year follow-up outcomes of NUCB 4006 trial[J].Chin J Infect Dis, 2011, 28 (11) :656-661.
    [2]CHANG TT, LIAW YF, WU SS, et al.Long-term entecavir therapy results in the reversal of fibrosis/cirrhosis and continued histological improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatology, 2010, 52 (3) :886-893.
    [3] FINK SA, JACOBSON IM.Managing patients with hepatitis-B-related or hepatitis-C-related decompensated cirrhosis[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2011, 8 (5) :285-295.
    [4] ZHANG QQ, AN X, LIU YH, et al.Long-term Nucleos (t) ide analogues therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis B reduces the risk of long-term complications:a meta-analysis[J].Virol J, 2011, 15 (8) :72.
    [5]MANOLAKOPOULOS S, TRIANTOS C, THEODOROPOULOS J, et al.Antiviral therapy reduces portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis due to HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B and significant portal hypertension[J].J Hepatol, 2009, 51 (3) :468-474.
    [6]LI CZ, CHENG LF, LI QS, et al.Antiviral therapy delays esophageal variceal bleeding in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2013, 19 (40) :6849-6856.
    [7]LOK AS.Hepatitis:Long-term therapy of chronic hepatitis B reverses cirrhosis[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013, 10 (4) :199-200.
    [8]PERZ JF, ARMSTRONG GL, FARRINGTON LA, et al.The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide[J].J Hepatol, 2006, 45 (4) :529-538.
    [9]LIAW YF, LEUNG N, KAO JH, et al.Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B:a 2008 update[J].Hepatol Int, 2008, 2 (3) :263-283.
    [10] ILOEJE UH, YANG HI, SU J, et al.Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load[J].Gastroenterology, 2006, 130 (3) :678-686.
    [11] HUO T, WU JC, HWANG SJ, et al.Factors predictive of liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B:a multivariate analysis in a longitudinal study[J].Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2000, 12 (6) :687-693.
    [12] REALDI G, FATTOVICH G, HADZIYANNIS S, et al.Survival and prognostic factors in 366 patients with compensated cirrhosis type B:a multicenter study.The Investigators of the European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP) [J].J Hepatol, 1994, 21 (4) :656-666.
    [13] COLIN JF, CAZALS-HATEM D, LORIOT MA, et al.Influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on chronic hepatitis B in homosexual men[J].Hepatology, 1999, 29 (4) :1306-1310.
    [14]HSU YS, CHIEN RN, YEH CT, et al.Long-term outcome after spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatology, 2002, 35 (6) :1522-1527.
    [15]SNCHEZ-TAPIAS JM, COSTA J, MAS A.Influence of hepatitis B virus genotype on the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in western patients[J].Gastroenterology, 2002, 123 (6) :1848-1856.
    [16]SUMI H, YOKOSUKA O, SEKI N, et al.Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the progression of chronic type B liver disease[J].Hepatology, 2003, 37 (1) :19-26.
    [17]CHU CJ, HUSSAIN M, LOK AS.Hepatitis B virus genotype B is associated with earlier HBeAg seroconversion compared with hepatitis B virus genotype C[J].Gastroenterology, 2002, 122 (7) :1756-1762.
    [18] de JONGH FE, JANSSEN HL, de MAN RA, et al.Survival and prognostic indicators in hepatitis B surface antigen-positivecirrhosis of the liver[J].Gastroenterology, 1992, 103 (5) :1630-1635.
    [19] LIAW YF, CHEN JJ, CHEN TJ.Acute exacerbation in patients with liver cirrhosis:a clinicopathological study[J].Liver, 1990, 10 (3) :177-184.
    [20]CHU CM, LIAW YF.Hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis:natural history and treatment[J].Semin Liver Dis, 2006, 26 (2) :142-152.
    [21]LEFTON HB, ROSA A, COHEN M.Diagnosis and epidemiology of cirrhosis[J].Med Clin N Am, 2009, 93 (4) :787-799.
    [22] VALLET-PICHARD A, MALLET V, COSTENTIN CE, et al.Treatment of HBV-related cirrhosis[J].Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2009, 7 (5) :527-535.
    [23]DAS K, DATTA S, PAL S, et al.Course of disease and survival after onset of decompensation in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis[J].Liver Int, 2010, 30 (7) :1033-1042.
    [24] ZOULIM F, RADENNE S, DUCERF C.Management of patients with decompensated hepatitis B virus associated[corrected]cirrhosis[J].Liver Transpl, 2008, 14 (2) :s1-s7.
    [25] CHEN CJ, YANG HI, SU J, et al.Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level[J].JAMA, 2006, 295 (1) :65-73.
    [26]CHEN YC, CHU CM, YEH CT, et al.Natural course following the onset of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B:a long-term follow-up study[J].Hepatol Int, 2007, 1 (1) :267-273.
    [27]FATTOVICH G, GIUSTINA G, SCHALM SW, et al.Occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensation in western European patients with cirrhosis type B.The EUROHEP Study Group on Hepatitis B Virus and Cirrhosis[J].Hepatology, 1995, 21 (1) :77
    [28]FATTOVICH G, PANTALENA M, ZAGNI I, et al.Effect of hepatitis B and C virus infections on the natural history of compensated cirrhosis:a cohort study of 297 patients[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2002, 97 (11) :2886-2895.
    [29] Chinese Society of Hepatology and Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association.The guideline of prevention and treatment for chronic hepatitis B (2010 version) [J].J Clin Hepatol, 2011, 27 (1) :Ⅰ-ⅩⅥ. (in Chinese) 中华医学会肝病学分会, 中华医学会感染病学分会.慢性乙型肝炎防治指南 (2010年版) [J].临床肝胆病杂志, 2011, 27 (1) :Ⅰ-ⅩⅥ.
    [30] COLLI A, FRAQUELLI M, ANDREOLETTI M, et al.Severe liver fibrosis or cirrhosis:accuracy of US for detection-analysis of 300case[J].Radiology, 2003, 227 (1) :89-94.
    [31]ZHENG RQ, HUANG DM, ZHANG B, et al.Comparison of ultrasonography, CT and MRI in the diagnosis of liver sirrhosis[J].World Chin J Digestol, 2005, 13 (8) :993-996. (in Chinese) 郑荣琴, 黄冬梅, 张波, 等.超声、CT及MRI诊断肝硬化的比较[J].世界华人消化杂志, 2005, 13 (8) :993-996.
    [32]BEDOSSA P, DARGERE D, PARADIS V.Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C[J].Hepatology, 2003, 38 (6) :1449-1457.
    [33] ZENG MD, LU LG, MAO YM, et al.Prediction of Significant Fibrosis in HBeAg-Positive Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B by a Noninvasive Model[J].Hepatology, 2005, 42 (6) :1437-1445.
    [34]Review Panel for Liver Stiffness Measurement.Recommendations for the clinical application of transient elastography in liver fibrosis assessment[J].Chin J Hepatol, 2013, 21 (6) :420-424. (in Chinese) 肝脏硬度评估小组.瞬时弹性成像技术诊断肝纤维化专家意见[J].中华肝脏病杂志, 2013, 21 (6) :420-424.
    [35] POYNARD T, MUNTEANU M, IMBERT-BISMUT F, et al.Prospective analysis of discordant results between biochemical markers and biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C[J].Clin Chem, 2004, 50 (8) :1344-1355.
    [36]POYNARD T, MCHUTCHISON J, MANNS M, et al.Biochemical surrogate markers of liver fibrosis and activity in a randomized trial of peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin[J].Hepatology, 2003, 38 (2) :481-492.
    [37] POYNARD T, NGO Y, MUNTEANU M, et al.Noninvasive markers of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B[J].Curr Hepat Rep, 2011, 10 (2) :87-97.
    [38]BARTRES C, LENS S.Elastography of the liver (Fibroscan) in hepatology[J].Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2013, 105 (4) :235.
    [39]JANSSENS F, de SURAY N, PIESSEVAUX H, et al.Can transient elastography replace liver histology for determination of advanced fibrosis in alcoholic patients:A real-life study[J].Clin Gastroenterol, 2010, 44 (8) :575-582.
    [40] CASTERA L.Transient elastography and other noninvasive tests to assess hepatic fibrosis in patients with viral hepatitis[J].J Viral Hepat, 2009, 16 (5) :300-314.
    [41] BONNARD P, SOMBIR, LESCURE FX, et al.Comparison of elastography, serum marker scores, and histology for the assessment of liver fibrosis in hepatitis B virus (HBV) -infected patients in Burkina Faso[J].Trop Med Hyg, 2010, 82 (3) :454-458.
    [42]LAU H, MAN K, FAN ST, et al.Evaluation of preoperative hepatic function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy[J].Br J Surg, 1997, 84 (9) :1255-1259.
    [43]CHEN X, ZHANG HB, LI ZQ, et al.Indocyanine green clearance in evaluating the recovery of liver reserve function after super selective transarterial chemoembolization[J].Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2013, 12 (6) :656-660.
    [44]DURAND F, VALLA D.Assessment of the prognosis of cirrhosis:Child-Pugh versus MELD[J].J Hepatol, 2005, 42 (Suppl 1) :s100-s107.
    [45]SCHUPPAN D, AFDHAL NH.Liver cirrhosis[J].Lancet, 2008, 371 (9615) :838-851.
    [46]ARVANITI V, D'AMICO G, FEDE G, et al.Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis[J].Gastroenterology, 2010, 139 (4) :1246-1256, 1256, e1-e5.
    [47] China Anticancer Association Professional Committee of liver cancer.Expert consensus on standardization of the management of primary liver cancer[J].Chin Clin Oncol, 2009, 14 (3) :259-269. (in Chinese) 中国抗癌协会肝癌专业委员会.原发性肝癌规范化诊治专家共识[J].临床肿瘤学杂志, 2009, 14 (3) :259-269.
    [48]FUNG SK, LOK AS.Management of patients with hepatitis B virus-induced cirrhosis[J].J Hepatol, 2005, 42 (Suppl 1) :s54-s64.
    [49]European Association for the Study of the Liver.EASL clinical practice guidelines:management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection[J].J Hepatol, 2012, 57 (1) :167-185.
    [50]FONTANA RJ, HANN HW, PERRILLO RP, et al.Determinants of early mortality in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B treated with antiviral therapy[J].Gastroenterology, 2002, 123 (3) :719-727.
    [51]CHIEN RN, LIN CH, LIAW YF.The effect of lamivudine therapy in hepatic decompensation during acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B[J].J Hepatol, 2003, 38 (3) :322-327.
    [52]TSUBOTA A, ARASE Y, SUZUKI Y, et al.Lamivudine mono therapy for spontaneous severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B[J].J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2005, 20 (3) :426-432.
    [53]PERRILLO R, TAMBURRO C, REGENSTEIN F, et al.Lowdose, titratable interferon alfa in decompensated liver disease caused by chronic infection with hepatitis B virus[J].Gastroenterology, 1995, 109 (3) :908-916.
    [54] HOOFNAGLE JH, DIBISCEGLIE AM, WAGGONER JG, et al.Interferon alfa for patients with clinically apparent cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B[J].Gastroenterology, 1993, 104 (4) :1116-1121.
    [55]HONKOOP P, NIESTERS HG, de MAN RA, et al.Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B.Incidence and patterns[J].J Hepatol, 1997, 26 (6) :1393-1395.
    [56]LAI CJ, TERRAULT NA.Antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis[J].Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2004, 33 (3) :629-654.
    [57]ALBERTI A, CAPORASO N.HBV therapy:guidelines and open issues[J].Dig Liver Dis, 2011, 43 (1) :s57-s63.
    [58] van ZONNEVELD M, HONKOOP P, HANSEN BE, et al.Longterm follow-up of alpha-interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatology, 2004, 39 (3) :804-810.
    [59] LIAW YF, SUNG JJ, CHOW WC, et al.Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease[J].N Engl J Med, 2004, 351 (15) :1521-1531.
    [60] SCHIFF E, SIMSEK H, LEE WM, et al.Efficacy and safety of entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2008, 103 (11) :2776-2783.
    [61]WONG GL, CHAN HL, MAK CH, et al.Entecavir treatment reduces hepatic events and deaths in chronic hepatitis B patients with liver cirrhosis[J].Hepatology, 2013, 58 (5) :1537-1547.
    [62] VILLENEUVE JP, CONDREAY LD, WILLEMS B, et al.Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatology, 2000, 31 (1) :207-210.
    [63]FONTANA RJ, KEEFFE EB, CAREY W, et al.Effect of lamivudine treatment on survival of 309 North American patients awaiting liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B[J].Liver Transpl, 2002, 8 (5) :433-439.
    [64]HANN HW, FONTANA RJ, WRIGHT T, et al.A United States compassionate use study of lamivudine treatment in non transplantation candidates with decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis[J].Liver Transpl, 2003, 9 (1) :49-56.
    [65]YAO FY, BASS NM.Lamivudine treatment in patients with severely decompensated cirrhosis due to replicating hepatitis B infection[J].J Hepatol, 2000, 33 (2) :301-307.
    [66]KAPOOR D, GUPTAN RC, WAKIL SM, et al.Beneficial effects of lamivudine in hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis[J].J Hepatol, 2000, 33 (2) :308-312.
    [67] MANOLAKOPOULOS S, KARATAPANIS S, ELEFSINIOTIS J, et al.Clinical course of lamivudine monotherapy in patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2004, 99 (1) :57-63.
    [68]BAE SH, YOON SK, CHOI JY, et al.Timing of lamivudine administration according to Child class in patients with decompensated cirrhosis[J].J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2005, 20 (10) :1527-1532.
    [69]PERRILLO RP, WRIGHT T, RAKELA J, et al.A multicenter United States-Canadian trial to assess lamivudine monotherapy before and after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatology, 2001, 33 (2) :424-432.
    [70]ZOULIM F, LOCARNINI S.Hepatitis B virus resistance to nucleos (t) ide analogues[J].Gastroenterology, 2009, 137 (5) :1593-1608.
    [71]SCHIFF ER, LAI CL, HADZIYANNIS S, et al.Adefovir dipivoxil therapy for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B in pre-and post-liver transplantation patients[J].Hepatology, 2003, 38 (6) :1419-1427.
    [72] SCHIFF E, LAI CL, HADZIYANNIS S, et al.Adefovir dipivoxil for wait-listed and post-liver transplantation patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B:final long-term results[J].Liver Transpl, 2007, 13 (3) :349-360.
    [73]LAMPERTICO P.Partial virological response to nucleos (t) ide analogues in nave patients with chronic hepatitis B:From guidelines to field practice[J].J Hepatol, 2009, 50 (4) :644-647.
    [74]SHIM JH, LEE HC, KIM KM, et al.Efficacy of entecavir in treatment-nave patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis[J].J Hepatol, 2010, 52 (2) :176-182.
    [75]SCHIFF ER, LEE SS, CHAO YC, et al.Long-term treatment with entecavir induces reversal of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2011, 9 (3) :274-276.
    [76] POZZI M, PIZZALA DP, MALDINI FF, et al.Portal pressure reduction after entecavir treatment in compensated HBV cirrhosis[J].Hepatogastroenterology, 2009, 56 (89) :231-235.
    [77]SHERMAN M, YURDAYDIN C, SOLLANO J, et al.Entecavir for treatment of lamivudine-refractory, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B[J].Gastroenterology, 2006, 30 (7) :2039-2049.
    [78] WANG LC, CHEN EQ, CAO J, et al.De novo combination of lamivudine and adefovir versus entecavir monotherapy for the treatment of nave HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients[J].Hepatol Int, 2011, 5 (2) :671-676.
    [79]LEVIN J.On-treatment decline in serum HBsAg levels predicts sustained immune control and HBsAg clearance 6 months posttreatment in HBeAg-positive hepatitis b virus-infected patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a[C].20th APASL Conference of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver 2010.
    [80]GANE EJ, CHAN HL, CHOUDHURI G, et al.Treatment of decompensated HBV-cirrhosis:results from 2-years randomized trial with telbivudine or lamivudine[J].J Hepatol, 2010, 52 (1) :s4.
    [81]MARCELLIN P, GANE E, BUTI M, et al.Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B:a 5-year open-label follow-up study[J].Lancet, 2013, 381 (9865) :468-475.
    [82]BUTI M, HADZIYANNIS S, MATHURIN P, et al.Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is highly active for treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in patients with cirrhosis[C].43rd Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver, s33.
    [83]LIAW YF, SHEEN IS, LEE CM, et al.Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) , emtricitabine/TDF, and entecavir in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B liver disease[J].Hepatology, 2011, 53 (1) :62-72.
    [84]WANG JY.Clinical utility of entecavir for chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients[J].Drug Des Devel Ther, 2014, 8:13-24.
    [85]JIA HY, LU W, ZHENG L, et al.Efficacy of lamivudine monotherapy and combination therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis[J].Chin J Hepatol, 2011, 19 (2) :84-87. (in Chinese) 贾红宇, 卢微, 郑临, 等.拉米夫定单药及其初始联合阿德福韦酯治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效比较[J].中华肝脏病杂志, 2011, 19 (2) :84-87.
    [86] CAREY I, JOE HND, AL-FREAH M, et al.De-novo antiviral therapy with nucleos (t) ide analogues in‘real-life’patients with chronic hepatitis B infection:comparison of virological responses between lamivudine+adefovir vs.tenofovir therapy[J].Gut, 2011, 60:a22-a23.
    [87]GIRGIS CM, WONG T, NGU MC, et al.Hypophosphataemic osteomalacia in patients on adefovir dipivoxil[J].J Clin Gastroenterol, 2011, 45 (5) :468-473.
    [88]GISH R, JIA JD, LOCARNINI S, et al.Selection of chronic hepatitis B therapy with high barrier to resistance[J].Lancet Infect Dis, 2012, 12 (4) :341-353.
    [89]EUN JR, LEE HJ, KIM TN, et al.Risk assessment for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma:according to on-treatment viral response duringlong-term lamivudine therapy in hepatitis B virus-related liver disease[J].J Hepatol, 2010, 53 (1) :118-125.
    [90] PAPATHEODORIDIS GV, MANOLAKOPOULOS S, TOULOUMI G, et al.Virological suppression does not prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis receiving oral antiviral (s) starting with lamivudine monotherapy:results of the nationwide HEPNET.Greece cohortstudy[J].Gut, 2011, 60 (8) :1109-1116.
    [91]HADZIYANNIS SJ, TASSOPOULOS NC, HEATHCOTE EJ, et al.Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years[J].Gastroenterology, 2006, 131 (6) :1743-1751.
    [92] LOK AS, MCMAHON BJ.Chronic hepatitis B:update 2009[J].Hepatology, 2009, 50 (3) :661-662.
    [93] MAO YM.Attention to long-term safety of oral anti-HBV drugs[J].Chin Hepatol, 2009, 14 (7) :68-70. (in Chinese) 茅益民.关注口服抗HBV药物治疗的长期安全性[J].肝脏, 2009, 14 (7) :68-70.
    [94] LANGE CM, BOJUNGA J, HOFMANN WP, et al.Severe lactic acidosis during treatment of chronic hepatitis B with entecavir in patients with impaired liver function[J].Hepatology, 2009, 50 (6) :2001-2006.
    [95]WANG GS, CAI HD.Adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir-associated tubulopathy[J].ADRJ, 2010, 12 (1) :31-36. (in Chinese) 王桂爽, 蔡皓东.阿德福韦酯和替诺福韦相关性肾小管病[J].药物不良反应杂志, 2010, 12 (1) :31-36.
    [96]PEYRIRE H, REYNES J, ROUANET I, et al.Renal tubular dysfunction associated with tenofovir therapy:report of 7 cases[J].J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2004, 35 (3) :269-273.
    [97]Experts Attendingthe Discussion on Hepatitis B Virus Drug Resistance.Drug resistance to nucleoside and nucleotide analogs in chronic hepatitis B and its management[J].Clin J Virol Dis, 2013, 3 (1) :1-11. (in Chinese) 参加乙型肝炎病毒耐药讨论会专家.核苷和核苷酸类药物治疗慢性乙型肝炎的耐药及其管理[J].中国病毒病杂志, 2013, 3 (1) :1-11.
  • 加载中
计量
  • 文章访问数:  3533
  • HTML全文浏览量:  13
  • PDF下载量:  1433
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 出版日期:  2014-02-20
  • 分享
  • 用微信扫码二维码

    分享至好友和朋友圈

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回