丁型肝炎抗体检测方法比较分析

张振锋

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.04.003

丁型肝炎抗体检测方法比较分析

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.04.003

张振锋^, ,

南方科技大学公共卫生及应急管理学院，广东深圳 518055

基金项目:

南方科技大学科研启动经费 (Y011006113)

利益冲突声明：作者声明不存在利益冲突。

详细信息

通信作者:
张振锋，zhangzf@sustech.edu.cn (ORCID: 0000-0002-0013-3685)

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-20
- 录用日期: 2023-03-20
- 出版日期: 2023-04-20

Detection methods for hepatitis D antibodies: A comparative analysis

Zhenfeng ZHANG^{,
,}

School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China

Research funding:

Southern University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Startup Fund (Y011006113)

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Zhenfeng, zhangzf@sustech.edu.cn (ORCID: 0000-0002-0013-3685)

摘要

摘要: 丁型肝炎是由丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)合并感染或者HDV重叠感染HBV携带者引起的一种严重病毒性肝炎。由于长期重视不足，丁型肝炎的诊断目前还存在巨大空白。近年来，随着相关研究的不断深入，科研和医疗行业逐渐意识到丁型肝炎的危害。同时相关药物研发的重大进展也为丁型肝炎的治疗甚至治愈带来了新的机遇。而这些进展将大大增加对丁型肝炎诊断的需求。抗-HD抗体是丁型肝炎诊断的关键指标。本文就目前丁型肝炎抗体包括抗-HD总抗体、IgG和IgM的检测方法进行了总结和比较分析，并对相关的重要问题进行了讨论，以期加深对丁型肝炎抗体检测现状的了解，并为开发更好的丁型肝炎诊断工具提供参考。
- δ肝炎病毒 /
- 丁型肝炎 /
- 肝炎抗体 /
- 诊断
Abstract: Hepatitis D is a severe form of viral hepatitis caused by co-infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) or superinfection of HDV in HBV carriers. There is still a huge gap in the diagnosis of hepatitis D due to insufficient emphasis on this disease for a long time. With the advances in related studies in recent years, the academia and the medical industry have gradually realized the harm of hepatitis D, and meanwhile, breakthroughs in drug development have also brought new opportunities for the treatment or even cure of hepatitis D. These advances greatly increase the demand for the diagnosis of hepatitis D. HDV antibodies are the key markers for the diagnosis of hepatitis D. This article summarizes and compares the detection methods for HDV antibodies including total HDV antibodies, IgG, and IgM and discusses related important issues, so as to understand the current status of the detection of HDV antibodies and provide a reference for developing better diagnostic tools for hepatitis D.
- Hepatitis Delta Virus /
- Hepatitis D /
- Hepatitis Antibodies /
- Diagnosis

HTML全文

图 1 HDV基因组与抗原

Figure 1. HDV genome and antigens

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表 1 不同感染状态下丁型肝炎的血清抗体

Table 1. Serum hepatitis D antibodies in different infection stages

感染类型	HDV感染阶段	抗-HD IgM	抗-HD IgG	抗-HBc IgM	HBsAg
HDV/HBV合并感染	急性期	阳性	阴性	阳性	阳性
	转为慢性感染(＜5%)	阴性或阳性	阳性	阴性	阳性
	HDV/HBV被清除(＞95%)	阴性	阳性或阴性	阴性	阴性
HDV/HBV重叠感染	急性期	阳性	阴性	阴性	阳性(下降)
	转为慢性感染(＞90%)	阴性或阳性	阳性	阴性	阳性
	HDV被清除	阴性	阳性或阴性	阴性	阳性

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表 2 丁型肝炎抗体检测方法

Table 2. Methods to measure hepatitis D antibodies

检测方法	抗HDV类型	检测方法	优点	缺点	产品
ELISA	IgM	间接法	操作简便	受IgG干扰	很少
		捕获法	无IgG干扰，重复性好	相对于间接法而言，检测略复杂	较多
	IgG	间接法	操作简便	酶标二抗可能存在非特异反应	很多
	总抗体	双抗原夹心法	检测灵敏度和特异性高	需要对抗原进行标记，成本高	很少
		竞争法	适合复杂样品，重复性好	要求抗原表位少	很少
RIA	同ELISA	同ELISA	灵敏度非常高	放射性危害大	已退市
CLIA	总抗体	竞争法	灵敏度非常高	设备普及率较低	很少
试纸条	IgG	胶体金标记，类似于间接法	现场快速检测，不需要大型仪器	灵敏度较低	未上市
微阵列	IgG	荧光标记，类似于间接法	灵敏度非常高，适合高通量	技术和设备普及率低	未上市

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