With the rising incidence and mortality of HCC, accurate, simple, and non- invasive biomarkers are increasingly needed for the early diagnosis of this disease. MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non- coding small RNAs, which have been widely found in animals, plants, and viruses and are stably expressed in both sera and tissues. The roles of miRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in the development and progression of HCC are described, and the aberrant expression of serum miRNAs in HCC is summarized. Analyses showed that these stably expressed miRNAs can be used as non- invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCC.
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