Based on recent studies which have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non- alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD),the article elaborates on the relationship of NAFLD with intestinal endotoxemia,short- chain fatty acids,bile acid metabolism,and endogenous ethanol. By illustrating the author's research progress in the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) regulation of gut microbiota and NAFLD treatment,the article proposes that this approach is not only a clinical practice of TCM in the modern era,it may also become a new strategy in the treatment of NAFLD.