初治HIV感染者接受拉米夫定/依非韦伦/替诺福韦治疗后的代谢相关指标变化及新发代谢相关脂肪性肝病风险评估
DOI: 10.12449/JCH251115
Changes in metabolic markers and the risk of new-onset metabolic associated fatty liver disease in previously untreated patients with HIV infection after lamivudine/efavirenz/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment
-
摘要:
目的 探索代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)对HIV感染者代谢相关指标等造成的影响,并评估初治HIV感染者新发MAFLD的风险。 方法 纳入2020年4月—2021年12月于武汉大学中南医院门诊就诊,应用拉米夫定/依非韦伦/替诺福韦(3TC/EFV/TDF)方案治疗且随访时间超过36个月的HIV感染者161例,根据是否合并MAFLD分为脂肪肝组(n=42)与非脂肪肝组(n=119),对两组患者治疗前后的代谢相关指标进行比较与分析。正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验,组内治疗前后比较采用配对t检验。非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,组内治疗前后比较采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。通过肝脂肪变性指数(HSI)和浙江大学指数(ZJU指数)评估接受抗逆转录病毒治疗后新发MAFLD的风险。 结果 与治疗前相比,接受36个月3TC/EFV/TDF治疗后,脂肪肝组患者身体质量指数[24.8(23.2~25.9) kg/m2 vs 25.3(22.8~27.7) kg/m2,Z=-2.540,P=0.011]、总胆固醇[(4.0±0.6) mmol/L vs (4.3±0.6) mmol/L,t=-2.388,P=0.022]、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[0.9(0.8~1.1) mmol/L vs 1.1(0.9~1.2) mmol/L,Z=-2.858,P=0.004]明显增加,而血尿酸[(462.1±101.6) μmol/L vs (383.3±85.2) μmol/L,t=4.361,P<0.001]明显下降。在接受3TC/EFV/TDF治疗后,脂肪肝组与非脂肪肝组患者比较,仅身体质量指数差异有统计学意义[25.3(22.8~27.7) kg/m2 vs 21.6(19.9~23.4) kg/m2,Z=-5.462,P<0.001],而血尿酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白a、CD4+细胞计数差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。此外,非脂肪肝组患者接受治疗后,HSI及ZJU指数分析结果显示,MAFLD高危人群占比较治疗前明显增加(χ2值分别为10.829、5.658,P值分别为0.001、0.017)。 结论 接受36个月3TC/EFV/TDF治疗后,合并MAFLD的HIV感染者血脂水平增加,未合并MAFLD的HIV感染者新发MAFLD的风险增高。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the impact of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) on metabolic markers in patients with HIV infection, and to assess the risk of new-onset MAFLD in previously untreated HIV patients. Methods A total of 161 HIV patients who attended the outpatient service of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from April 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled, and they were treated with the lamivudine/efavirenz/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (3TC/EFV/TDF) regimen and were followed up for more than 36 months. According to the presence or absence of MAFLD, they were divided into MAFLD group with 42 patients and non-MAFLD group with 119 patients, and metabolic markers were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the paired t-test was used for comparison within each group before and after treatment; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison within each group before and after treatment; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Hepatic steatosis index (HIS) and Zhejiang University (ZJU) index were used to assess the risk of new-onset MAFLD after antiretroviral therapy. Results After 36 months of 3TC/EFV/TDF treatment, the MAFLD group had significant increases in body mass index (BMI) [24.8 (23.2 — 25.9) kg/m2 vs 25.3 (22.8 — 27.7) kg/m2, Z=-2.540, P=0.011], total cholesterol (TC) (4.0±0.6 mmol/L vs 4.3±0.6 mmol/L, t=-2.388, P=0.022), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [0.9 (0.8 — 1.1) mmol/L vs 1.1 (0.9 — 1.2) mmol/L, Z=-2.858, P=0.004] and a significant reduction in serum uric acid (462.1±101.6 μmol/L vs 383.3±85.2 μmol/L, t=4.361, P<0.001). There was a significant difference in BMI between the MAFLD group and the non-MAFLD group after 3TC/EFV/TDF treatment [25.3 (22.8 — 27.7) kg/m2 vs 21.6 (19.9 — 23.4) kg/m2, Z=-5.462, P<0.001], while there were no significant differences between the two groups in serum uric acid, TC, triglyceride, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, and CD4+ T cell count (all P >0.05). Furthermore, for the patients in the non-MAFLD group after treatment, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients at a high risk of MAFLD based on HSI and ZJU indices (χ²=10.829 and 5.658, P=0.001 and 0.017). Conclusion After 36 months of 3TC/EFV/TDF treatment, there are increases in blood lipid levels in HIV patients with MAFLD, and there is an increase in the risk of new-onset MAFLD in HIV patients without MAFLD. -
Key words:
- HIV /
- Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease /
- Antiretroviral Therapy
-
表 1 两组患者治疗前一般资料比较
Table 1. Comparison of general data between the two groups of patients before treatment
项目 脂肪肝组(n=42) 非脂肪肝组(n=119) 统计值 P值 男[例(%)] 41(97.6) 110(92.4) χ2=1.431 0.232 年龄[例(%)] χ2=0.223 0.895 18~40岁 31(73.8) 90(75.6) 41~60岁 9(21.4) 22(18.5) >60岁 2(4.8) 7(5.9) HIV感染途径[例(%)] χ2=3.616 0.306 同性性行为 32(76.2) 91(76.5) 异性传播 8(19.0) 27(22.7) 静脉吸毒 1(2.4) 0(0.0) 未知 1(2.4) 1(0.8) 心血管疾病危险因素[例(%)] 吸烟史 13(31.0) 42(35.3) χ2=0.260 0.610 高血压 5(11.9) 5(4.2) χ2=3.162 0.075 糖尿病 1(2.4) 3(2.5) χ2=0.003 0.960 HBsAg阳性[例(%)] 2(4.8) 9(7.6) χ2=0.383 0.536 BMI(kg/m2) 24.8(23.2~25.9) 20.6(19.4~22.3) Z=-7.580 <0.001 血尿酸(μmol/L) 462.1±101.6 394.0±104.6 t=3.651 <0.001 TC(mmol/L) 4.0±0.6 3.7±0.8 t=2.033 0.044 TG(mmol/L) 1.4(0.8~2.0) 1.0(0.7~1.3) Z=-3.215 0.001 HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.9(0.8~1.1) 1.0(0.8~1.1) Z=-0.027 0.978 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.4±0.5 2.3±0.7 t=1.034 0.303 Lp(a)(mg/L) 70.0(39.6~158.0) 68.8(46.7~147.3) Z=-0.493 0.622 CD4+(cells/mm3) 318(228~464) 267(152~390) Z=-1.551 0.121 表 2 两组患者治疗前后代谢指标的比较
Table 2. Comparison of metabolic indexes before and after treatment in two groups of patients
指标 脂肪肝组(n=42) 非脂肪肝组(n=119) BMI(kg/m2) 基线 24.8(23.2~25.9) 20.7±1.9 治疗36个月 25.3(22.8~27.7) 21.8±2.5 统计值 Z=-2.540 t=-6.837 P值 0.011 <0.001 血尿酸(μmol/L) 基线 462.1±101.6 394.0±104.6 治疗36个月 383.3±85.2 357.4±90.5 统计值 t=4.361 t=3.315 P值 <0.001 0.001 TC(mmol/L) 基线 4.0±0.6 3.7±0.8 治疗36个月 4.3±0.6 4.2±0.8 统计值 t=-2.388 t=-7.218 P值 0.022 <0.001 TG(mmol/L) 基线 1.4(0.8~2.0) 1.1±0.4 治疗36个月 1.4(0.9~2.0) 1.3±0.7 统计值 Z=-0.544 t=-3.366 P值 0.586 0.001 HDL-C(mmol/L) 基线 0.9(0.8~1.1) 1.0(0.8~1.1) 治疗36个月 1.1(0.9~1.2) 1.1(1.0~1.3) 统计值 Z=-2.858 Z=-5.832 P值 0.004 <0.001 LDL-C(mmol/L) 基线 2.4±0.5 2.3±0.7 治疗36个月 2.4±0.5 2.4±0.7 统计值 t=-0.111 t=-1.098 P值 0.912 0.274 Lp(a)(mg/L) 基线 70.0(39.6~158.0) 68.8(46.7~147.3) 治疗36个月 62.6(32.4~149.6) 53.4(39.0~117.5) 统计值 Z=-0.219 Z=-1.719 P值 0.827 0.086 CD4+(cells/mm3) 基线 318(228~464) 286±189 治疗36个月 510(339~724) 473±229 统计值 Z=-5.008 t=-10.543 P值 <0.001 <0.001 表 3 高尿酸HIV感染者接受抗逆转录病毒治疗后血尿酸水平的变化
Table 3. Changes of serum uric acid in HIV-infected with hyperuricemia after receiving antiretroviral therapy
指标 脂肪肝组(n=28) 非脂肪肝组(n=47) 血尿酸(μmol/L) 基线 490.7(433.5~532.6) 463.7(436.3~499.8) 治疗36个月 377.4(319.2~432.3) 377.1(322.6~450.6) Z值 -4.299 -5.191 P值 <0.001 <0.001 表 4 两组接受治疗前后高尿酸患者比例的变化
Table 4. Changes in the proportion of patients with high uric acid before and after treatment in the two groups
项目 例数 基线 治疗36个月 χ2值 P值 脂肪肝组[例(%)] 42 9.333 0.002 血尿酸>420.0 μmol/L 28(66.7) 14(33.3) 血尿酸≤420.0 μmol/L 14(33.3) 28(66.7) 非脂肪肝组[例(%)] 119 7.844 0.005 血尿酸>420.0 μmol/L 47(39.5) 27(22.7) 血尿酸≤420.0 μmol/L 72(60.5) 92(77.3) 表 5 非脂肪肝组患者接受36个月3TC/EFV/TDF治疗后新发MAFLD的风险
Table 5. Risk of new-onset nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after 36 months of 3TC/EFV/TDF treatment in non-MAFLD patients
项目 基线 治疗36个月 统计值 P值 HSI 27.95(25.47~30.38) 30.08(27.84~33.96) Z=-4.667 <0.001 HSI分类[例(%)] χ2=10.829 0.001 ≤36 115(96.6) 100(84.0) >36 4(3.4) 19(16.0) ZJU指数 30.35(28.78~32.85) 31.31(29.50~33.92) Z=-9.467 <0.001 ZJU指数分类[例(%)] χ2=5.658 0.017 <38 118(99.2) 111(93.3) ≥38 1(0.8) 8(6.7) -
[1] BEKKER LG, BEYRER C, MGODI N, et al. HIV infection[J]. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2023, 9: 42. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00452-3. [2] GAWRIEH S, LAKE JE, DEBROY P, et al. Burden of fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis in persons with HIV: A diverse cross-sectional US multicenter study[J]. Hepatology, 2023, 78( 2): 578- 591. DOI: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000313. [3] KRISHNAN A, SIMS OT, SURAPANENI PK, et al. Risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes among people with HIV and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. AIDS, 2023, 37( 8): 1209- 1216. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.000000-0000003537. [4] YU NW, LI MQ, CHEN C, et al. Prevalence and influencing factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in naïve patients with HIV/AIDS from 2022 to 2023[J]. Chin J AIDS STD, 2024, 30( 6): 607- 611. DOI: 10.13419/j.cnki.aids.2024.06.09.余娜苇, 李梦晴, 陈晨, 等. 初治HIV/AIDS患者非酒精性脂肪性肝病的患病率及影响因素分析[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2024, 30( 6): 607- 611. DOI: 10.13419/j.cnki.aids.2024.06.09. [5] PANG XL, ZENG YQ, WANG D, et al. Investigation on metabolic levels of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients[J]. Infect Dis Inf, 2021, 34( 1): 63- 66, 82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2021.01.011.逄晓莉, 曾永秦, 汪笛, 等. 初治HIV感染者代谢水平的调查研究[J]. 传染病信息, 2021, 34( 1): 63- 66, 82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2021.01.011. [6] WANG X, LIU A, LI ZC, et al. Changes in blood lipid levels and influencing factors among treatment-naïve adult male HIV/AIDS patients following BIC/FTC/TAF vs. 3TC+EFV+TDF[J]. Chin Med J(Engl), 2024, 137( 12): 1447- 1452. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003147. [7] Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated(non-alcoholic) fatty liver disease(Version 2024)[J]. J Prac Hepatol, 2024, 27( 4): 494- 510. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240327-00163.中华医学会肝病学分会. 代谢相关(非酒精性)脂肪性肝病防治指南(2024年版)[J]. 实用肝脏病杂志, 2024, 27( 4): 494- 510. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240327-00163. [8] LEE JH, KIM D, KIM HJ, et al. Hepatic steatosis index: A simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2010, 42( 7): 503- 508. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2009.08.002. [9] WANG JH, XU CF, XUN YH, et al. ZJU index: A novel model for predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a Chinese population[J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 16494. DOI: 10.1038/srep16494. [10] CHEN J, MAO XY, DENG MM, et al. Validation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) related steatosis indices in metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD) and comparison of the diagnostic accuracy between NAFLD and MAFLD[J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023, 35( 4): 394- 401. DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002497. [11] SUN LQ, HE Y, XU LM, et al. Higher risk of dyslipidemia with coformulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide than efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate among antiretroviral-naive people living with HIV in China[J]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2022, 91( S1): S8- S15. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000-003040. [12] SHENGIR M, LEBOUCHE B, ELGRETLI W, et al. Switch to a raltegravir-based antiretroviral regimen in people with HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial[J]. HIV Med, 2024, 25( 1): 135- 142. DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13531. [13] LIU DF, ZHANG XY, KANG J, et al. Gradual increasing dyslipidemia in treatment-naive male patients with human immunodeficiency virus and treated with tenofovir plus lamivudine plus efavirenz for 3 years[J]. Diabetol Metab Syndr, 2021, 13( 1): 135. DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00756-y. [14] GWAG T, MENG ZJ, SUI YP, et al. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz activates PXR to induce hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 70( 5): 930- 940. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.12.038. [15] KALLIGEROS M, VASSILOPOULOS A, SHEHADEH F, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis in people living with HIV monoinfection: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023, 21( 7): 1708- 1722. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.01.001. [16] PRAMUKTI H, YUNIHASTUTI E, GANI RA, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among people living with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy in Indonesia: Prevalence and related factors[J]. SAGE Open Med, 2024, 12: 20503121241292678. DOI: 10.1177/20503121241292678. [17] YENDEWA GA, KHAZAN A, JACOBSON JM. Risk stratification of advanced fibrosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatic steatosis using the fibrosis-4, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis, and BARD scores[J]. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2024, 11( 2): ofae014. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae014. [18] MENG R, WANG H, SI ZK, et al. Analysis of factors affecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese steel workers and risk assessment studies[J]. Lipids Health Dis, 2023, 22( 1): 123. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01886-0. [19] NAVARRO J, CURRAN A, RAVENTÓS B, et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a multicentre cohort of people living with HIV in Spain[J]. Eur J Intern Med, 2023, 110: 54- 61. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.01.028. [20] CHEW KW, WU KL, TASSIOPOULOS K, et al. Liver inflammation is common and linked to metabolic derangements in persons with treated human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2023, 76( 3): e571- e 579. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac708. [21] LEE JH, PARK JY, YANG SJ, et al. Renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir with hepatitis B immunoglobulin in liver transplant patients[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2020, 27( 8): 818- 825. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13291. [22] ZHOU YJ, ZHOU YF, ZHENG JN, et al. NAFL screening score: A basic score identifying ultrasound-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2017, 475: 44- 50. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.09.020. -
本文二维码
计量
- 文章访问数: 3
- HTML全文浏览量: 1
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0

PDF下载 ( 638 KB)
下载: 