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不同自身抗体阳性的原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者预后差异及影响因素分析

李玉 张耀武 李锦钰 张野

引用本文:
Citation:

不同自身抗体阳性的原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者预后差异及影响因素分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH251117
基金项目: 

山西省卫生健康委科研项目 (2023XG112)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2025年1月7日经由山西省汾阳医院伦理委员会审批,批号:2025-0107。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:李玉负责研究实施,数据采集,论文撰写;张耀武负责研究设计、实施,数据采集、分析,论文修改、审阅;李锦钰负责研究实施,数据采集,论文修改;张野负责研究设计,数据分析,论文修改和审阅。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    张耀武, zyw5680@126.com (ORCID: 0009-0008-1165-5922)

Prognostic differences between primary biliary cholangitis patients positive for different autoantibodies and related influencing factors

Research funding: 

Scientific Research Project of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission (2023XG112)

More Information
    Corresponding author: ZHANG Yaowu, zyw5680@126.com (ORCID: 0009-0008-1165-5922)
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨不同自身抗体阳性的原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者预后差异及不良预后危险因素,以实现对PBC患者进行早期有效干预。  方法  选取2018年1月—2023年12月于山西省汾阳医院首次确诊为PBC的患者141例,分为抗线粒体抗体M2亚型(AMA-M2)单阳性组(A组)80例、AMA-M2与抗gp210抗体双阳性组(B组)36例、AMA-M2与抗sp100抗体双阳性组(C组)25例,比较3组间的一般资料、实验室指标及预后差异。预后评价采用Globe评分,Globe评分<0.3且确诊时无肝硬化为预后良好,Globe评分≥0.3或确诊时合并肝硬化则为预后不良。正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;非正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,进一步两两比较采用Dunn’s多重检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响PBC患者的预后因素,并绘制受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线),计算曲线下面积(AUC)。  结果  B、C组男性患者占比、肝硬化检出率、ALT、TBil和ALP水平均高于A组,PLT和Alb水平均低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。基于熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)治疗1年后的相关指标计算Globe评分,结果显示,3组患者预后存在显著差异(P<0.001),其中B、C组Globe评分≥0.3的患者比例均显著高于A组(P值均<0.05);UDCA应答效果分析表明,B、C组应答不佳率明显高于A组(P值均<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,抗gp210抗体、抗sp100抗体、UDCA应答效果、PLT、Alb、ALT、TBil和ALP与PBC患者预后相关(P值均<0.05)。将符合条件的变量均纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,抗gp210抗体(OR=4.959,95%CI:1.112~22.122,P=0.036)、抗sp100抗体(OR=21.666,95%CI:1.542~304.449,P=0.023)、Alb(OR=0.899,95%CI:0.814~0.994,P=0.038)、PLT(OR=0.974,95%CI:0.963~0.985,P<0.001)及UDCA应答效果(OR=10.275,95%CI:1.047~100.831,P=0.046)是PBC患者预后的独立影响因素。ROC曲线结果显示,PLT对PBC患者预后预测效能最佳(AUC=0.824),敏感度和特异度分别为85.7%和71.7%。  结论  AMA-M2与抗gp210抗体双阳性和AMA-M2与抗sp100抗体双阳性的PBC患者预后更差,且UDCA应答不佳率更高。此外,抗gp210抗体阳性、抗sp100抗体阳性、血小板降低、低白蛋白血症及UDCA应答不佳均提示不良临床预后。

     

  • 图  1  不同指标预测PBC患者预后的ROC曲线

    Figure  1.  ROC curves of different indicators for predicting prognosis in PBC patients

    表  1  3组PBC患者基线资料比较

    Table  1.   Comparisons of baseline characteristics among three groups of primary biliary cholangitis patients

    项目 A组(n=80) B组(n=36) C组(n=25) 统计值 P
    性别[例(%)] χ2=10.420 0.005
    9(11.3) 13(36.1)1) 7(28.0)1)
    71(88.8) 23(63.9) 18(72.0)
    年龄(岁) 59.23±11.34 60.86±12.15 61.96±11.43 F=1.018 0.601
    其他免疫性疾病[例(%)] 5(6.3) 7(19.4) 4(16.0) χ2=4.950 0.084
    症状[例(%)]
    乏力 6(7.5) 5(13.9) 3(12.0) χ2=1.279 0.528
    皮肤瘙痒 7(8.8) 4(11.1) 6(24.0) χ2=4.219 0.121
    尿黄/黄染 4(5.0) 2(5.6) 4(16.0) χ2=3.671 0.160
    消化道症状 3(3.8) 1(2.8) 2(8.0) χ2=1.103 0.576
    水肿/腹水 2(2.5) 3(8.3) 1(4.0) χ2=2.078 0.354
    肝硬化[例(%)] 19(23.8) 17(47.2)1) 12(48.0)1) χ2=8.728 0.013
    高血压[例(%)] 5(6.3) 4(11.1) 5(20.0) χ2=4.102 0.129
    糖尿病[例(%)] 10(12.5) 5(13.9) 7(28.0) χ2=3.583 0.167
    PLT(×109/L) 173.00(99.00~243.00) 105.50(63.75~206.25)1) 104.00(80.50~114.50)1) H=17.205 <0.001
    PT(s) 12.30(11.50~13.00) 12.35(11.23~12.90) 13.50(11.15~14.55) H=2.866 0.239
    Alb(g/L) 39.39±5.39 33.35±5.791) 31.07±4.811) F=30.164 <0.001
    AST(U/L) 50.00(32.25~84.00) 40.50(22.25~69.75) 49.00(28.50~90.00) H=2.160 0.340
    ALT(U/L) 43.50(24.25~127.23) 111.00(51.00~159.25)1) 124.00(30.50~181.50)1) H=7.072 0.029
    TBil(µmol/L) 17.35(11.75~25.98) 31.55(18.15~55.83)1) 28.10(14.75~45.45)1) H=14.433 <0.001
    ALP(U/L) 118.00(84.25~194.53) 233.50(124.50~348.75)1) 182.00(118.00~473.00)1) H=13.688 0.001
    GGT(U/L) 136.50(78.50~221.75) 194.50(93.00~680.50) 241.00(97.50~509.50) H=4.976 0.083
    IgG(g/L) 13.55(9.70~17.40) 13.30(10.65~14.88) 14.60(11.05~18.65) H=2.026 0.363
    IgA(g/L) 1.84(1.56~3.47) 3.46(2.59~3.61)1) 3.28(1.49~4.80) H=11.219 0.004
    IgM(g/L) 1.86(1.33~5.48) 2.57(1.89~4.10) 2.55(1.65~3.82) H=1.011 0.603

    注:与A组比较,1)P<0.05。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  影响PBC患者预后的单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  2.   Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of prognostic factors in PBC patients

    项目 单因素分析 多因素分析
    OR 95%CI P OR 95%CI P
    抗gp210抗体 3.351 1.093~10.280 0.034 4.959 1.112~22.122 0.036
    抗sp100抗体 4.572 1.020~20.495 0.047 21.666 1.542~304.449 0.023
    UDCA应答效果 4.409 1.257~15.470 0.021 10.275 1.047~100.831 0.046
    PLT(×109/L) 0.978 0.970~0.986 <0.001 0.974 0.963~0.985 <0.001
    PT(s) 1.224 0.914~1.640 0.176
    Alb(g/L) 1.006 1.001~1.012 0.032 0.899 0.814~0.994 0.038
    AST(U/L) 1.005 0.998~1.013 0.182
    ALT(U/L) 0.908 0.849~0.971 0.005
    TBil(µmol/L) 1.033 1.011~1.056 0.003
    ALP(U/L) 1.004 1.001~1.008 0.015
    GGT(U/L) 1.001 0.999~1.003 0.222
    IgG(g/L) 1.051 0.978~1.129 0.177
    IgM(g/L) 1.045 0.896~1.219 0.576
    IgA(g/L) 0.965 0.830~1.122 0.646
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  各指标预测PBC患者预后的效能分析

    Table  3.   Predictive performance of indicators for prognosis in PBC patients

    指标 AUC 95%CI P 敏感度(%) 特异度(%)
    抗gp210抗体阳性 0.594 0.491~0.696 0.097 88.6 30.2
    抗sp100抗体阳性 0.580 0.477~0.682 0.157 94.3 21.7
    UDCA应答不佳 0.603 0.503~0.704 0.067 91.4 29.2
    PLT 0.824 0.731~0.918 <0.001 85.7 71.7
    Alb 0.686 0.585~0.788 0.001 71.4 64.2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  3组患者预后差异及UDCA应答效果比较

    Table  4.   Comparison of prognostic differences and ursodeoxycholic acid response outcomes

    项目 A组(n=80) B组(n=36) C组(n=25) χ2 P
    Globe评分[例(%)] 15.023 <0.001
    ≥0.3 49(61.3) 32(88.9) 23(92.0)
    <0.3 31(38.8) 4(11.1) 2(8.0)
    UDCA应答效果[例(%)] 6.306 0.043
    应答佳 67(83.8) 24(66.7) 16(64.0)
    应答不佳 13(16.3) 12(33.3) 9(36.0)
    下载: 导出CSV
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