26例先天性肝纤维化患者的临床及病理特点分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH251118
Clinical and pathological features of patients with congenital hepatic fibrosis: An analysis of 26 cases
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摘要:
目的 总结先天性肝纤维化(CHF)患者的临床特征及病理学特点,并分析比较不同年龄段患者的临床及病理特征差异。 方法 回顾性分析2005年8月—2023年6月在中日友好医院经病理学确诊为CHF的26例患者的临床病理资料;将这些患者进行年龄分层,分析不同年龄段患者的临床及病理学特征。 结果 26例患者中男12例,女14例,发病年龄在4~61岁;门静脉高压型19例(73.08%),胆管炎型2例(7.69%),混合型4例(15.38%),隐匿型1例(3.85%);除4例临床症状不详外,近半数患者因门静脉高压所致的上消化道出血(10/22,45.45%)就诊。病理学表现均可见汇管区宽阔的纤维间隔分隔大致正常的肝实质,伴有异常的胆管反应性增生,在4例10岁前起病的儿童患者中可见更为致密的纤维间隔、缺乏相应口径的门静脉,且代偿性的薄壁血管显著减少,甚至消失。 结论 CHF临床上以门静脉高压型最为常见,早期起病患者的肝组织病理学具有一定特点,并可能与早期出现门静脉高压相关的严重并发症相关,因此对临床可疑的患者进行肝穿刺,必要时进行基因检测,早发现、早诊断,对改善患者预后尤为重要。 -
关键词:
- 先天性肝纤维化 /
- 病理状态, 体征和症状 /
- 门静脉高压
Abstract:Objectives To summarize the clinical and pathological features of patients with congenital liver fibrosis (CHF), and to investigate the differences in clinical and pathological features between patients in different age groups. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinicopathological data of 26 patients with pathologically confirmed CHF in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from August 2005 to June 2023, and the patients were stratified by age to investigate the clinical and pathological features of patients in different age groups. Results Among the 26 patients, there were 12 male patients and 14 female patients, with an age of onset of 4 — 61 years. There were 19 patients with portal hypertension type (73.08%), 2 patients with cholangitis type (7.69%), 4 patients with mixed type (15.38%), and 1 patient with occult type (3.85%). Of all 26 patients, 4 had unknown clinical symptoms, and among the 22 patients with clear clinical symptoms, 10 (45.45%) attended the hospital due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by portal hypertension. Pathological manifestations included roughly normal liver parenchyma separated by fibrous septa in the portal area, with the presence of abnormal reactive bile duct hyperplasia. Denser fibrous septa and a lack of portal veins with the corresponding caliber were observed in 4 pediatric patients with disease onset before the age of 10 years, with a significant reduction or even disappearance of compensatory thin-walled blood vessels. Conclusion Portal hypertension-type CHF is the most common type in clinical practice. Patients with an early age of onset have certain histopathological features of the liver, with the presence of serious complications associated with portal hypertension. Therefore, liver biopsy should be performed for patients suspected of CHF in clinical practice, and genetic testing should be performed when necessary. Early identification and diagnosis are of great importance for improving the prognosis of patients. -
表 1 不同年龄段患者实验室检验结果
Table 1. Laboratory test results in patients of different age groups
指标 儿童组(n=4) 少年组(n=4) 青壮年组(n=11) 中老年组(n=7) ALT(U/L) 65.00(47.05~261.00) 55.50(21.00~187.50) 13.00(8.50~29.50) 17.00(8.18~27.33) AST(U/L) 55.00(27.50~172.50) 62.50(5.50~145.75) 19.00(15.00~29.50) 22.05(17.88~30.75) ALP(U/L) 206.60(103.30~403.80) 194.50(62.50~373.00) 79.00(57.00~203.00) 121.50(87.25~187.30) GGT(U/L) 89.00(64.85~193.50) 90.00(28.00~290.00) 37.00(19.00~287.50) 103.00(46.00~163.05) TBil(μmol/L) 15.10±0.60 41.36±21.53 30.44±41.30 18.31±7.62 DBil(μmol/L) 6.70±0.50 19.02±12.84 20.91±41.80 6.02±3.21 Alb(g/L) 32.10±4.10 31.02±17.11 36.50±6.49 37.37±6.48 GLO(g/L) 26.60±2.00 18.83±16.38 27.58±8.47 33.36±4.31 TBA(μmol/L) 6.30±0.60 7.30±0.20 17.11±19.62 17.42±13.07 WBC(×109/L) 3.35±1.35 3.30±1.50 4.59±3.59 4.96±2.27 RBC(×109/L) 3.43±0.90 3.31±0.20 3.41±0.84 3.25±0.96 Hb(g/L) 101.00±2.10 62.00±2.40 93.67±31.31 95.86±28.76 PLT(×109/L) 129.50±53.50 89.00±3.10 175.93±214.55 149.00±29.93 注:GLO,球蛋白;TBA,总胆汁酸;WBC,白细胞计数;RBC,红细胞计数;Hb,血红蛋白。儿童组有2例患者TBil、DBil、GLO水平及血常规结果缺失,少年组有2例患者血常规结果缺失,青壮年组及中老年组各有1例患者血常规结果缺失。
表 2 不同年龄段患者的临床症状
Table 2. Clinical symptoms in patients of different age groups
症状 儿童组 少年组 青壮年组 中老年组 呕血、黑便 3/4(75.00%) 2/4(50.00%) 5/10(50.00%) 0/4(0.00%) 黄疸 1/4(25.00%) 1/4(25.00%) 4/10(40.00%) 1/4(25.00%) 腹痛、腹胀 0/4(0.00%) 1/4(25.00%) 4/10(40.00%) 0/4(0.00%) 肝/脾肿大 3/4(75.00%) 2/4(50.00%) 9/10(90.00%) 4/4(100.00%) 发热 0/4(0.00%) 0/4(0.00%) 2/10(20.00%) 1/4(25.00%) 肝功能异常 3/4(75.00%) 2/4(50.00%) 4/11(36.36%) 6/7(85.71%) 食管胃底静脉曲张 2/2(100.00%) 3/4(75.00%) 5/6(83.33%) 2/3(66.67%) 注:儿童组中仅2例进行影像学检查;青壮年组中10例汇报临床症状,其中6例进行影像学检查;中老年组中4例汇报临床症状,3例进行影像学检查。
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