99例HBV相关原发性肝癌初治患者的临床特征及中医证候分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH251121
Clinical features and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome distribution of treatment-naïve patients with hepatitis B virus-related primary liver cancer: An analysis of 99 cases
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摘要:
目的 探讨HBV相关原发性肝癌(HBV-PLC)初治患者的临床特征及中医证候分布规律,为中西医结合防治HBV-PLC提供依据。 方法 回顾性分析2019年1月—2024年12月湖南中医药大学第一附属医院肝病科/感染性疾病科收治的99例HBV-PLC初治患者的临床资料。根据患者是否规范抗病毒治疗(规范抗病毒治疗时间≥3年),将其分为抗病毒组和未抗病毒组;根据HBeAg状态分为HBeAg阳性组和HBeAg阴性组。收集患者的人口学特征、实验室检查结果、影像学资料及中医证候资料,计算中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、Child-Pugh评分、CNLC分期。符合正态分布的计量资料2组间比较使用独立样本t检验;计数资料组间比较使用χ2检验。 结果 99例HBV-PLC初治患者的平均年龄为(57.12±11.60)岁,72.7%的患者年龄集中于50~75岁,男女比例为5.2∶1。肝硬化患者占81.8%,67.7%的患者既往未行抗病毒治疗;HBV DNA阳性率为80.8%,HBeAg阳性率为18.2%,AFP阳性占比69.7%,Child-Pugh分级为A/B级的患者占89.9%。抗病毒组患者的肿瘤最大直径为(t=2.310,P=0.024)、HBV DNA阳性率(χ2=14.006,P<0.001)及并发癌栓数目(χ2=7.347,P=0.007)均显著低于未抗病毒组。HBeAg阴性组与HBeAg阳性组患者比较,Child-Pugh 分级(χ2=6.780,P=0.034)及CNLC分期(χ2=8.746,P=0.033)差异均有统计学意义。99例HBV-PLC初治患者的中医证型以肝郁脾虚兼血瘀证(41.4%)、气虚血瘀证(22.2%)、湿热蕴结兼血瘀证(19.2%)为主。 结论 HBV-PLC初治患者以中老年男性为主,多合并肝硬化。规范抗病毒治疗可显著改善肿瘤负荷和病毒学应答,HBeAg阴性者肝功能代偿状态更佳,低蛋白血症多见于气虚血瘀证患者。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical features and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome distribution of treatment-naïve patients with hepatitis B virus-related primary liver cancer (HBV-PLC), and to provide a basis for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the prevention and treatment of HBV-PLC. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 99 treatment-naïve HBV-PLC patients who were admitted to Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases in The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to December 2024. According to whether the patient received standardized antiviral therapy (for ≥3 years), they were divided into antiviral group and non-antiviral group, and according to the status of HBeAg, they were divided into HBeAg-positive group and HBeAg-negative group. Demographic features, laboratory test results, imaging data, and TCM syndrome data were collected, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Child-Pugh score, and CNLC stage were calculated. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results The 99 treatment-naïve HBV-PLC patients had a mean age of 57.12±11.60 years, and the patients aged 50 — 75 years accounted for the highest proportion of 72.7%, with a male/female ratio of 5.2∶1. The patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 81.8%, and 67.7% of the patients did not receive antiviral therapy in the past. The positive rates of HBV DNA, HBeAg, and alpha-fetoprotein were 80.8%, 18.2%, and 69.7%, respectively, and the patients with Child-Pugh class A/B disease accounted for 89.9%. Compared with the non-antiviral group, the antiviral group had a significantly smaller maximum tumor diameter (t=2.310, P=0.024), a significantly lower HBV DNA positive rate (χ2=14.006, P<0.001), and a significantly lower number of tumor thrombi (χ2=7.347, P=0.007). In addition, there were significant differences between the HBeAg-negative group and the HBeAg-positive group in Child-Pugh class (χ2=6.780, P=0.034) and CNLC stage (χ2=8.746, P=0.033). Among the 99 treatment-naïve HBV-PLC patients, 41.4% had liver depression and spleen deficiency with blood stasis, 22.2% had Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, and 19.2% had damp-heat accumulation with blood stasis. Conclusion Treatment-naïve HBV-PLC patients are mainly middle-aged and elderly male individuals, and most of the patients are comorbid with liver cirrhosis. Standardized antiviral therapy can significantly reduce tumor burden and improve virologic response, with better hepatic compensation in HBeAg-negative patients, and hypoproteinemia is more common in patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. -
Key words:
- Hepatitis B Virus /
- Liver Neoplasms /
- Symptoms Signs and Syndrome
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表 1 99例HBV-PLC患者的基本资料
Table 1. Basic information of 99 HBV-PLC patients
项目 数值 年龄(岁) 57.12±11.60 男[例(%)] 83(83.8) 饮酒[例(%)] 27(27.3) 糖尿病[例(%)] 10(10.1) 肝癌家族史[例(%)] 15(15.2) 肝硬化[例(%)] 81(81.8) 抗病毒治疗[例(%)] 32(32.3) HBV DNA阳性[例(%)] 80(80.8) HBeAg阳性[例(%)] 18(18.2) PLT<100×109/L [例(%)]44(44.4) TBil>20 μmol/L[例(%)] 58(58.6) Alb<35 g/L[例(%)] 41(41.4) ALT>33 IU/L[例(%)] 61(61.6) AST>32 IU/L[例(%)] 82(82.8) NLR>3.0[例(%)] 61(61.6) AFP阳性[例(%)] 69(69.7) Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] A级 42(42.4) B级 47(47.5) C级 10(10.1) CNLC分期[例(%)] Ⅰ期 25(25.3) Ⅱ期 26(26.3) Ⅲ期 38(38.4) Ⅳ期 10(10.0) 肿瘤数目≥3个[例(%)] 36(36.4) 并发癌栓[例(%)] 34(34.3) 表 2 抗病毒组与未抗病毒组患者疾病特征对比
Table 2. Comparison of disease characteristics between the antiviral therapy group and the non-antiviral therapy group
项目 抗病毒组(n=32) 未抗病毒组(n=67) 统计值 P值 肝硬化[例(%)] 30(93.8) 51(76.1) χ2= 4.5250.033 HBV DNA阳性[例(%)] 19(59.4) 61(91.0) χ2= 14.006<0.001 HBeAg阳性[例(%)] 4(12.5) 14(20.9) χ2= 0.8600.354 PLT<100×109/L[例(%)] 17(53.1) 27(40.3) χ2= 2.3880.123 TBil>20 μmol/L[例(%)] 20(62.5) 38(56.7) χ2= 0.2990.585 Alb<35 g/L[例(%)] 14(43.8) 27(40.3) χ2= 0.1390.709 ALT>33 IU/L[例(%)] 21(65.6) 40(59.7) χ2= 0.1410.708 AST>32 IU/L[例(%)] 25(78.1) 57(85.1) χ2= 0.7830.376 NLR>3.0[例(%)] 21(65.6) 40(59.7) χ2= 0.3440.563 AFP阳性[例(%)] 21(65.6) 48(71.6) χ2= 0.0010.985 Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] χ2= 2.4080.300 A级 11(34.4) 30(44.8) B级 19(59.4) 29(43.3) C级 2(6.3) 8(11.9) CNLC分期[例(%)] χ2= 3.1480.369 Ⅰ期 7(21.9) 18(26.9) Ⅱ期 12(37.5) 14(20.9) Ⅲ期 10(31.2) 28(41.8) Ⅳ期 3(9.4) 7(10.4) 并发癌栓[例(%)] 5(15.6) 29(43.3) χ2= 7.3470.007 肿块数目≥3个[例(%)] 8(25.0) 28(41.8) χ2= 2.6390.104 最大肿瘤直径(mm) 53.57±36.50 72.18±39.61 t= 2.3100.024 表 3 HBeAg阳性组和HBeAg阴性组患者疾病特征对比
Table 3. Comparison of disease characteristics between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patient groups
项目 HBeAg阳性组(n=18) HBeAg阴性组(n=81) 统计值 P值 肝硬化[例(%)] 17(94.4) 64(79.0) χ2= 2.3520.125 HBV DNA阳性[例(%)] 13(72.2) 67(82.7) χ2= 1.0530.305 PLT<100×109/L [例(%)]8 (44.4)36 (44.4)χ2=0.000 >0.05 TBil>20 μmol/L[例(%)] 14(77.8) 44(54.3) χ2=3.340 0.068 Alb<35 g/L [例(%)] 10(55.6) 31(38.3) χ2= 1.8200.177 ALT>33 IU/L [例(%)]11 (61.1)50 (61.7)χ2= 0.0020.960 AST> 32 IU/L[例(%)]16 (88.9)66 (81.5)χ2=0.567 0.451 NLR>3.0[例(%)] 11(61.1) 50(61.7) χ2=0.344 0.563 AFP阳性[例(%)] 14(77.8) 55(67.9) χ2= 0.6760.411 Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] χ2= 6.7800.034 A级 4(22.2) 37(45.7) B级 10(55.6) 38(46.9) C级 4(22.2) 6(7.4) CNLC分期[例(%)] χ2= 8.7460.033 Ⅰ期 2(11.1) 23(28.4) Ⅱ期 4(22.2) 22(27.2) Ⅲ期 7(38.9) 31(38.3) Ⅳ期 5(27.8) 5(6.2) 并发癌栓[例(%)] 6(33.3) 28(34.6) χ2= 0.0100.921 肿块数目≥3个[例(%)] 4(22.2) 32(39.5) χ2= 1.9010.168 最大肿瘤直径(mm) 73.50±51.66 64.09±36.11 t= 0.7350.470 表 4 不同组间中医证型对比
Table 4. Comparison of TCM syndrome patterns between different groups
中医证型 抗病毒分组 HBeAg状态 抗病毒组(n=32) 未抗病毒组(n=67) HBeAg阳性组(n=18) HBeAg阴性组(n=81) 肝郁脾虚兼血瘀证[例(%)] 16(50.0) 25(37.3) 5(27.8) 36(44.4) 气虚血瘀证[例(%)] 7(21.9) 15(22.4) 6(33.3) 16(19.8) 湿热蕴结兼血瘀证[例(%)] 5(15.6) 14(20.9) 3(16.7) 16(19.8) 肝肾阴虚证[例(%)] 3(9.4) 10(14.9) 2(11.1) 11(13.6) 气滞血瘀证[例(%)] 1(3.1) 3(4.5) 2(11.1) 2(2.4) χ2值 1.759 5.091 P值 0.780 0.278 表 5 中医证型与临床相关指标的关联性分析
Table 5. Correlation analysis between TCM syndrome patterns and clinical indicators
项目 肝郁脾虚兼血瘀证
(n=41)气虚血瘀证
(n=22)湿热蕴结兼血瘀证
(n=19)肝肾阴虚证
(n=13)气滞血瘀
证(n=4)χ2值 P值 ALT阳性[例(%)] 23(56.1) 17(77.3) 11(57.9) 8 (61.5) 2 (50.0) 3.148 0.533 AST阳性[例(%)] 36(87.8) 19(86.4) 15(78.9) 9 (69.2) 3 (75.0) 2.971 0.563 AFP阳性[例(%)] 29(70.7) 16(72.7) 13(68.4) 8 (61.5) 3 (75.0) 3.677 0.451 PLT<100×10⁹/L[例(%)] 19(46.3) 11(50.0) 7 (36.8) 5 (38.5) 2 (50.0) 1.018 0.907 Alb<35 g/L[例(%)] 16(39.0) 15(68.2) 5 (26.3) 5 (38.5) 0 (0.0) 11.253 0.024 NLR>3.0[例(%)] 27(65.9) 15(68.2) 10(52.6) 7 (53.8) 2 (50.0) 1.921 0.750 TBil>20 μmol/L[例(%)] 23(56.1) 11(50.0) 16(84.2) 7 (53.8) 1 (25.0) 7.895 0.096 肝硬化[例(%)] 38(92.7) 17(77.3) 15(78.9) 8 (61.5) 3 (75.0) 7.383 0.117 CNLC分期[例(%)] 12.220 0.428 Ⅰ期 12(29.3) 5 (22.7) 5 (26.3) 2 (15.4) 1 (25.0) Ⅱ期 13(31.7) 4 (18.2) 7 (36.8) 2 (15.4) 0 (0.0) Ⅲ期 15(36.6) 9 (40.9) 6 (31.6) 6 (46.2) 2 (50.0) Ⅳ期 1 (2.4) 4 (18.2) 1 (5.3) 3 (23.1) 1 (25.0) Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] 12.598 0.126 A级 22(53.7) 8 (36.4) 6 (31.6) 5 (38.5) 1 (25.0) B级 18(43.9) 11(50.0) 11(57.9) 6 (46.2) 1 (25.0) C级 1 (2.4) 3 (13.6) 2 (10.5) 2 (15.4) 2 (50.0) -
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