妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症中医证候分布规律及其与围产期结局的关联性分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH251122
Distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and its association with perinatal outcomes
-
摘要:
目的 探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)中医证候分布规律及其与围产期结局的关联性,为基于中医证候分型的精准治疗提供依据。 方法 采用横断面研究设计,纳入2023年4月—2025年4月成都中医药大学附属医院收治的275例ICP患者。通过系统聚类分析归纳中医证候。非正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ²检验;多因素Logistic回归分析识别与证候显著关联的临床特征。 结果 将275例ICP患者聚类归纳出3种核心证候:肝胆湿热证(45.8%)、血虚生风证(30.9%)、肝郁脾虚证(23.3%);分娩年龄、产次、ICP复发史、发病孕周、总胆汁酸(TBA)、ALT、合并妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)在各组间的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:发病孕周<34周与三证候均显著关联(肝胆湿热证:OR=3.769、血虚生风证:OR=4.031、肝郁脾虚证:OR=3.552,P值均<0.001);肝胆湿热证与分娩年龄≥35岁(OR=2.048,P=0.014)、产次≥2次(OR=1.921,P=0.034)、ICP复发史(OR=2.404,P=0.030)、ALT≥200 U/L(OR=2.051,P=0.018)、合并GDM(OR=1.944,P=0.029)及TBA≥40 μmol/L(OR=2.542,P=0.024)相关联;血虚生风证与分娩年龄≥35岁(OR=2.939,P=0.003)、产次≥2次(OR=3.222,P=0.003)、ICP复发史(OR=3.809,P=0.010)、ALT≥200 U/L(OR=2.889,P=0.006)、合并GDM(OR=3.711,P=0.001)、合并HDP(OR=4.472,P=0.011)相关联;肝郁脾虚证与TBA≥40 μmol/L相关联(OR=2.995,P=0.044)。围产期结局分析显示,分娩方式、分娩孕周、产后24 h出血量、新生儿出生体质量在3组证候间的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。 结论 ICP中医证候以肝胆湿热、血虚生风、肝郁脾虚为主,证候分布与临床因素及围产期结局密切相关,为中医精准辨证及个体化治疗提供了依据。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and its association with perinatal outcomes, and to provide a basis for precise treatment based on TCM syndrome differentiation. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 patients with ICP who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2023 to April 2025. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to summarize TCM syndromes. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the clinical features significantly associated with TCM syndrome. Results The cluster analysis identified three core TCM syndromes among the 275 patients with ICP, i.e., liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome (45.8%), syndrome of blood deficiency generating wind (30.9%), and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome (23.3%). There was a significant difference in the distribution of TCM syndromes between different groups stratified by maternal age at delivery, parity, history of ICP recurrence, gestational weeks at disease onset, total bile acid (TBA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and comorbidity with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (all P<0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that<34 gestational weeks at disease onset was significantly associated with all three syndromes (damp-heat: odds ratio [OR]=3.769, P<0.001; blood deficiency: OR=4.031, P<0.001; liver stagnation: OR=3.552, P<0.001). Liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome was associated with maternal age ≥35 years at disease onset (OR=2.048, P=0.014), parity ≥2 times (OR=1.921, P=0.034), history of ICP recurrence (OR=2.404, P=0.030), ALT ≥200 U/L (OR=2.051, P=0.018), comorbidity with GDM (OR=1.944, P=0.029), and TBA ≥40 μmol/L (OR=2.542, P=0.024). The syndrome of blood deficiency generating wind syndrome was associated with maternal age ≥35 years (OR=2.939, P=0.003), parity ≥2 time (OR=3.222, P=0.003), history of ICP recurrence (OR=3.809, P=0.010), ALT ≥200 U/L (OR=2.889, P=0.006), comorbidity with GDM (OR=3.711, P=0.001), and comorbidity with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR=4.472, P=0.011). Liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was associated with TBA ≥40 μmol/L (OR=2.995, P=0.044). The analysis of perinatal outcomes showed that there were significant differences in mode of delivery, gestational weeks at the time of delivery, postpartum blood loss, and neonatal birth weight between the three groups with different TCM syndromes (all P<0.05). Conclusion Liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome, syndrome of blood deficiency generating wind, and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome are the main TCM syndrome types in ICP, and the distribution of TCM syndromes is closely associated with clinical factors and perinatal outcomes, which provides a basis for precise TCM syndrome differentiation and individualized treatment. -
Key words:
- Cholestasis, Intrahepatic /
- Pregnancy /
- Syndrome Patterns /
- Root Cause Analysis
-
表 1 275例ICP患者中医症状频次分布表
Table 1. Frequency distribution of TCM symptoms in 275 ICP patients
症状 频次(%) 症状 频次(%) 皮肤瘙痒 204(74.2) 巩膜发黄 66(24.1) 夜间皮肤瘙痒加重 161(58.5) 牙龈出血 65(23.6) 皮肤抓痕 131(47.6) 厌油 65(23.6) 胁肋部灼热 130(47.3) 面色苍白 62(22.5) 口苦 126(45.8) 指甲灰暗缺乏光泽 58(21.1) 皮肤发黄 125(45.5) 心悸不安 55(20.0) 口干 112(40.7) 经前乳房胀痛 55(20.0) 发热 99(36.0) 外阴瘙痒 52(18.9) 恶心欲吐 98(35.6) 腹泻 51(18.5) 进食后有饱胀感 98(35.6) 头晕目眩 45(16.4) 便秘 94(34.2) 恶寒 44(16.0) 纳呆 90(32.7) 白带黄臭 43(15.6) 胸脘痞满 90(32.7) 大便干结 42(15.3) 情志抑郁 89(32.4) 肠鸣矢气 41(14.9) 劳后皮肤瘙痒加重 88(32.0) 大便稀溏 40(14.5) 溲黄 86(31.3) 浮肿 39(14.2) 小便频数 86(31.3) 胁下硬块(可触及) 38(13.8) 烦躁易怒 85(30.9) 小便灼热 37(13.5) 叹气(善太息) 84(30.5) 呕吐(中晚孕期) 35(12.7) 五心烦热 78(28.4) 消瘦 35(12.7) 失眠 76(27.5) 皮肤干燥 30(10.9) 腹痛欲泻 75(27.3) 手足震颤 28(10.2) 胸胁胀满窜痛 75(27.3) 肢体麻木 25(9.1) 肢体困重 72(26.2) 四肢难以屈伸 22(8.0) 神疲乏力 68(24.7) 恶寒与发热交替 22(8.0) 皮疹 67(24.4) 口淡无味 21(7.6) 表 2 275例ICP患者舌脉频次分布表
Table 2. Frequency distribution of tongue-pulse manifestations in 275 ICP patients
舌脉象 频次(%) 舌脉象 频次(%) 苔白 126(45.8) 脉弦滑 50(18.2) 舌红 118(42.9) 舌体胖大边有齿痕 49(17.8) 苔黄腻 110(40.0) 苔薄黄 23(8.4) 脉滑数 95(34.5) 脉弦数 19(6.9) 舌淡白 77(28.0) 少苔 19(6.9) 脉细滑弱 64(23.3) 脉弦细 16(5.8) 舌淡红 59(21.5) 苔黄厚 16(5.8) 舌体瘦薄 51(18.5) 表 3 275例ICP患者聚类的四诊信息及中医证候分布表
Table 3. Clustered four diagnostic information and TCM syndromes distribution in 275 ICP patients
证候 主症 次症 舌象 脉象 例数(%) 肝胆湿热证 皮肤瘙痒(日轻夜甚或劳累后加重,
有疹或无疹)、皮肤发黄、口苦、烦躁
易怒、恶心欲吐、胸脘痞满、厌油、溲
黄、便秘发热、口干、胁肋部灼热、皮肤抓
痕、巩膜发黄、外阴瘙痒、白带黄
臭、牙龈出血、小便灼热、恶寒与
发热交替出现、小便频数、呕吐舌红,苔黄腻或
黄厚脉滑数或
弦数126(45.8) 血虚生风证 皮肤瘙痒(日轻夜甚或劳累后加重,
有疹或无疹)、面色苍白、心悸不安、
失眠、五心烦热、神疲乏力皮肤干燥、头晕目眩、指甲灰暗
缺乏光泽、大便干结、肢体麻木、
手足震颤、肢体难以屈伸舌淡白,苔白或
少苔,舌体瘦薄脉细滑弱
或细弦85(30.9) 肝郁脾虚证 皮肤瘙痒、进食后有饱胀感、纳呆、
情志抑郁、叹气(善太息)、腹痛欲泻、
胸胁胀满窜痛、肠鸣矢气、大便稀溏肢体困重、经前乳房胀痛、恶寒、
腹泻、浮肿、口淡无味、胁下硬块
(可触及)、消瘦舌淡红,苔白或
薄黄,舌体胖大
边有齿痕脉弦滑 64(23.3) 表 4 275例ICP患者临床相关因素与中医证候分布情况
Table 4. Clinical factors and TCM syndromes distribution in 275 ICP patients
项目 总计(n=275) 肝胆湿热症(n=126) 血虚生风症(n=85) 肝郁脾虚症(n=64) χ²值 P值 分娩年龄[例(%)] 7.14 0.028 <35岁 180(65.45) 74(58.73) 65(76.47) 41(64.06) ≥35岁 95(34.55) 52(41.27) 20(23.53) 23(35.94) 孕次[例(%)] 0.06 0.970 1次 144(52.36) 67(53.17) 44(51.76) 33(51.56) ≥2次 131(47.64) 59(46.83) 41(48.24) 31(48.44) 产次[例(%)] 8.22 0.016 1次 195(70.91) 81(64.29) 70(82.35) 44(68.75) ≥2次 80(29.09) 45(35.71) 15(17.65) 20(31.25) 受孕方式[例(%)] 0.07 0.965 自然受孕 239(86.91) 110(87.30) 74(87.06) 55(85.94) 辅助生殖 36(13.09) 16(12.70) 11(12.94) 9(14.06) ICP复发史[例(%)] 5.78 0.011 初发 235(85.45) 101(80.16) 78(91.76) 56(87.50) 复发 40(14.55) 25(19.84) 7(8.24) 8(12.50) 发病孕周[例(%)] 24.76 <0.001 ≥34周 186(67.64) 66(52.38) 69(81.18) 51(79.69) <34周 89(32.36) 60(47.62) 16(18.82) 13(20.31) TBA[例(%)] 7.16 0.028 <40 μmol/L 237(86.18) 101(80.16) 77(90.59) 59(92.19) ≥40 μmol/L 38(13.82) 25(19.84) 8(9.41) 5(7.81) ALT[例(%)] 8.16 0.017 <200 U/L 197(71.64) 81(64.29) 70(82.35) 46(71.88) ≥200 U/L 78(28.36) 45(35.71) 15(17.65) 18(28.12) AST[例(%)] 4.36 0.113 <200 U/L 233(84.73) 101(80.16) 77(90.59) 55(85.94) ≥200 U/L 42(15.27) 25(19.84) 8(9.41) 9(14.06) 携带HBV[例(%)] 1.26 0.532 无 249(90.55) 114(90.48) 79(92.94) 56(87.50) 有 26(9.45) 12(9.52) 6(7.06) 8(12.50) 合并HDP[例(%)] 4.90 0.086 无 241(87.64) 106(84.13) 80(94.12) 55(85.94) 有 34(12.36) 20(15.87) 5(5.88) 9(14.06) 合并GDM[例(%)] 11.97 0.003 无 194(70.55) 80(63.49) 72(84.71) 42(65.62) 有 81(29.45) 46(36.51) 13(15.29) 22(34.38) 表 5 275例ICP患者中肝胆湿热证影响因素的Logistic回归分析
Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors for damp-heat in liver and gallbladder syndrome in 275 ICP patients
影响因素 β值 SE P值 OR 95%CI 分娩年龄≥35岁 0.717 0.292 0.014 2.048 1.155~3.630 孕次≥2次 0.073 0.277 0.791 1.076 0.625~1.851 产次≥2次 0.653 0.307 0.034 1.921 1.052~3.506 辅助生殖受孕 -0.019 0.420 0.965 0.982 0.431~2.236 ICP复发史 0.877 0.405 0.030 2.404 1.087~5.315 发病孕周<34周 1.327 0.299 <0.001 3.769 2.097~6.776 TBA≥40 μmol/L 0.933 0.414 0.024 2.542 1.130~5.717 ALT≥200 U/L 0.719 0.304 0.018 2.051 1.131~3.722 AST≥200 U/L 0.643 0.391 0.100 1.902 0.884~4.090 携带HBV -0.028 0.484 0.954 0.973 0.377~2.510 合并HDP 0.815 0.426 0.056 2.259 0.980~5.208 合并GDM 0.665 0.304 0.029 1.944 1.071~3.529 表 6 275例ICP患者中医证候影响因素的Logistic回归分析
Table 6. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors for TCM syndromes in 275 ICP patients
证候 影响因素 β值 SE P值 OR 95%CI 血虚生风证1) 分娩年龄≥35岁 1.078 0.364 0.003 2.939 1.440~6.001 产次≥2次 1.170 0.394 0.003 3.222 1.488~6.979 ICP复发史 1.337 0.519 0.010 3.809 1.376~10.542 发病孕周<34周 1.394 0.373 <0.001 4.031 1.939~8.381 ALT≥200 U/L 1.061 0.384 0.006 2.889 1.362~6.130 合并HDP 1.498 0.589 0.011 4.472 1.411~14.176 合并GDM 1.311 0.399 0.001 3.711 1.699~8.109 肝郁脾虚证1) 发病孕周<34周 1.268 0.371 <0.001 3.552 1.716~7.354 TBA≥40 μmol/L 1.097 0.543 0.044 2.995 1.032~8.689 注:1)以肝胆湿热证为参照。
表 7 275例ICP患者中医证候的围产期结局比较
Table 7. Comparison of perinatal outcomes by TCM syndromes in 275 ICP patients
项目 总计
(n=275)肝胆湿热症
(n=126)血虚生风症
(n=85)肝郁脾虚证
(n=64)统计值 P值 分娩方式[例(%)] χ2=7.57 0.023 阴道分娩 91(33.09) 31(24.60) 34(40.00) 26(40.62) 剖宫产 184(66.91) 95(75.40) 51(60.00) 38(59.38) 分娩孕周[例(%)] χ2=10.80 0.005 ≥37周 220(80.00) 90(71.43) 75(88.24) 55(85.94) <37周 55(20.00) 36(28.57) 10(11.76) 9(14.06) 胎儿窘迫[例(%)] χ2=0.60 0.740 无 259(94.18) 118(93.65) 82(96.47) 59(92.19) 有 16(5.82) 8(6.35) 3(3.53) 5(7.81) 羊水粪染[例(%)] χ2=3.20 0.202 无 226(82.18) 101(80.16) 75(88.24) 50(78.12) 有 49(17.82) 25(19.84) 10(11.76) 14(21.88) 产后24 h出血量(mL) 420(400~500) 460(400~577) 400(400~470) 400(400~500) H=13.57 0.001 新生儿出生体质量(g) 3 000(2 715~3 257) 2 900(2 650~3 195) 3 150(2 860~3 400) 3 010(2 880~3 217) H=14.97 <0.001 5 min Apgar评分[例(%)] 0.858 >7分 270(98.18) 123(97.62) 84(98.82) 63(98.44) ≤7分 5(1.82) 3(2.38) 1(1.18) 1(1.56) NICU住院[例(%)] χ2=0.20 0.907 无 233(84.73) 108(85.71) 71(83.53) 54(84.38) 有 42(15.27) 18(14.29) 14(16.47) 10(15.62) -
[1] HOBSON SR, COHEN ER, GANDHI S, et al. Guideline No. 452: Diagnosis and management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2024, 46( 8): 102618. DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2024.102618. [2] LI YJ, LIU HY, HAN WH, et al. Incidence and characteristics of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in 4081 hospitalized pregnant women[J]. Fudan Univ J Med Sci, 2018, 45( 4): 490- 495. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2018.04.009.李意杰, 刘海燕, 韩文晖, 等. 4081例住院孕妇妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症发病率及分布特征[J]. 复旦学报(医学版), 2018, 45( 4): 490- 495. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2018.04.009. [3] LIU YH, WEI YD, CHEN XH, et al. Genetic study of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in Chinese women unveils East Asian etiology linked to historic HBV epidemic[J]. J Hepatol, 2025, 82( 5): 826- 835. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.11.008. [4] Obstetrics Group of Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese Medical Association; Perinatal Medicine Society, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for clinical diagnosis, treatment and management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(2024)[J]. Chin J Obstet Gynecol, 2024, 59( 2): 97- 107. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20230914-00099.中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组, 中华医学会围产医学分会. 妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症临床诊治和管理指南(2024版)[J]. 中华妇产科杂志, 2024, 59( 2): 97- 107. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20230914-00099. [5] LIN X, WU XO, ZHENG Z, et al. Clinical observation of Yinhuang Lidan Huoxue particles combined ursodeoxycholic acid in treatment of mild intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy patients with hepatobiliary dampness-heat syndrome[J]. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med, 2021, 41( 8): 912- 916. DOI: 10.7661/j.cjim.20210518.172.林希, 吴晓鸥, 郑智, 等. 茵黄利胆活血颗粒联合熊去氧胆酸治疗轻度妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症肝胆湿热型的临床观察[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2021, 41( 8): 912- 916. DOI: 10.7661/j.cjim.20210518.172. [6] LU JN, JIAO B, WU QP, et al. Effect of western medicine combined with Yinzhihuang on postpartum hemorrhage and pregnancy outcome of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A meta-analysis[J]. Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med, 2024, 40( 8): 76- 81. DOI: 10.13412/j.cnki.zyyl.20240814.002.卢佳南, 焦波, 吴俏坪, 等. 西药联合茵栀黄对妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症产后出血量及妊娠结局影响的Meta分析[J]. 中药药理与临床, 2024, 40( 8): 76- 81. DOI: 10.13412/j.cnki.zyyl.20240814.002. [7] Obstetrics Subgroup, Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(2015)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2015, 31( 10): 1575- 1578. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2015.10.003.中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组. 妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症诊疗指南(2015)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2015, 31( 10): 1575- 1578. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2015.10.003. [8] ZHENG XY. Guiding principles for clinical research of new Chinese medicine: Trial implementation[M]. Beijing: China Medical Science Press, 2002.郑筱萸. 中药新药临床研究指导原则: 试行[M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2002. [9] State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China. Clinical terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Part 2: Syndromes: GB/T 16751.2-2021[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2021.国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 中国临床诊疗术语第2部分:证候: GB/T 16751.2-2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021. [10] DU HL. Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine obstetrics and gynecology[M]. 4th ed. Beijing: China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021: 235- 239.杜惠兰. 中西医结合妇产科学[M]. 4版. 北京: 中国中医药出版社, 2021: 235- 239. [11] XIE X, KONG BH, DUAN T. Obstetrics and gynecology[M]. 9th ed. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2018: 92- 94.谢幸, 孔北华, 段涛. 妇产科学[M]. 9版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018: 92- 94. [12] WANG P. Mining the medication rules and syndrome type distribution of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy based on traditional Chinese medicine inheritance assistant platform[D]. Changsha: Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 2022.王普. 基于中医传承辅助平台挖掘妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的用药规律及证型分布[D]. 长沙: 湖南中医药大学, 2022. [13] FANG LH, ZHANG JQ, TANG XD. Modern research progress in diagnosis and treatment of damp-heat syndrome[J]. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm, 2024, 39( 9): 4793- 4798.方俐晖, 张佳琪, 唐旭东. 湿热证诊疗的现代研究进展[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2024, 39( 9): 4793- 4798. [14] GAO XX, YE MY, LIU Y, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in a Chinese population[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10( 1): 16307. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73378-5. [15] İPEK G, TANAÇAN A, PEKER A, et al. Systemic Inflammation Response Index as a diagnostic and prognostic predictor of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A case-control study from a tertiary center[J]. Int J Gynecol Obstet, 2024, 165( 2): 717- 722. DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15216. [16] WU YQ, ZHANG AQ, WAN JY, et al. Mechanism of liver-spleen disharmony in inducing metabolic diseases in phlegm-dampness constitution from the perspective of bile acid metabolism[J]. World Chin Med, 2024, 19( 15): 2303- 2307. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2024.15.015.吴玉琦, 张安琪, 万瑾毅, 等. 从胆汁酸代谢阐释肝脾失调在痰湿体质易发代谢紊乱中的作用机制[J]. 世界中医药, 2024, 19( 15): 2303- 2307. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2024.15.015. [17] GUO LP, LIU M, JI X, et al. Research progress on treatment of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy with traditional Chinese medicine[J]. J Emerg Tradit Chin Med, 2022, 31( 1): 181- 184. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-745X.2022.01.049.郭丽萍, 刘梅, 纪晓, 等. 中医药治疗妊娠期高血压疾病研究进展[J]. 中国中医急症, 2022, 31( 1): 181- 184. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-745X.2022.01.049. -
本文二维码
计量
- 文章访问数: 7
- HTML全文浏览量: 4
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0

PDF下载 ( 732 KB)
下载: 