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慢加急性肝衰竭患者90天死亡的危险因素分析及预测模型构建

孙静 王婷济 段志娇 张丽 李艳梅

引用本文:
Citation:

慢加急性肝衰竭患者90天死亡的危险因素分析及预测模型构建

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260118
基金项目: 

内蒙古自治区自然科学基金 (2025ZD009);

内蒙古自治区自然科学基金 (2023QN08061);

内蒙古医科大学青年基金 (YKD2023QN014);

2022年“草原英才”工程高层次培养人才项目 

利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:孙静负责收集、分析数据,绘图及文章撰写;王婷济、张丽负责数据整理;段志娇负责论文修改;李艳梅负责研究设计,研究指导,论文审阅。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    李艳梅, 1218520884@qq.com (ORCID: 0009-0005-4677-4057)

Risk factors for 90-day mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and establishment of a predictive model

Research funding: 

Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2025ZD009);

Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2023QN08061);

Youth Foundation of Inner Mongolia Medical University (YKD2023QN014);

High-level Talent Training Program of the “Grassland Elite” Project (2022) 

More Information
    Corresponding author: LI Yanmei, 1218520884@qq.com (ORCID: 0009-0005-4677-4057)
  • 摘要:   目的  本研究旨在探讨影响慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者90天死亡的独立预测因子,并构建风险预测模型,评估其与终末期肝病模型(MELD)、MELD-Na、MELD 3.0和中国重症乙型肝炎研究小组慢加急性肝衰竭2.0(COSSH-ACLF Ⅱ)评分的预测效能差异。  方法  回顾性分析2018年7月—2024年7月内蒙古医科大学附属医院和呼和浩特市第二医院收治的394例ACLF患者临床资料。收集患者一般资料及入院时实验室指标,定量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验,定性资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或校正χ2检验。采用LASSO回归筛选变量,多因素Logistic回归构建预测模型并绘制列线图。通过受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)及曲线下面积(AUC)、校准曲线和临床决策曲线评估模型性能。  结果  本研究共纳入394例ACLF患者,其中训练集和内部验证集分别为136例和58例,外部验证集200例。全队列年龄(52.9±11.7)岁,男性占72.84%(287/394),HBV感染者占22.33%(88/394),酒精相关占45.94%(181/394),其他原因(包括药物性、自身免疫性等)占31.73%(125/394)。90天总体病死率为27.41%(108/394)。多因素Logistic回归显示,糖尿病[比值比(OR)=5.831, 95%置信区间(CI): 1.587~21.424, P=0.008]、胱抑素-C(Cys-C)(OR=2.984, 95%CI: 1.501~5.933, P=0.002)和自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)(OR=5.692, 95%CI: 2.150~15.071, P<0.001)均为独立危险因素,并以此绘制列线图。模型在训练集、内部验证集和外部验证集的AUC分别为0.836、0.881、0.878,显示出良好的区分度。校准曲线拟合良好,并有较高的临床净获益。按病因进行亚组分析显示,模型在HBV感染、酒精及其他病因所致ACLF患者中的AUC分别为0.850、0.858和0.908,表明该模型在不同病因人群中均具有良好的区分能力。与传统评分相比,该模型(AUC=0.836)显著优于单独使用MELD(AUC=0.619,Z=3.197,P=0.001)、MELD-Na(AUC=0.651,Z=2.998,P=0.003)、MELD 3.0(AUC=0.601, Z=3.682,P<0.001)和COSSH-ACLFⅡ(AUC=0.719, Z=2.396,P=0.017)评分的预测价值。  结论  糖尿病、SBP和Cys-C是ACLF患者90天死亡的独立危险因素。与MELD、MELD-Na、MELD 3.0和COSSH-ACLFⅡ评分相比,该模型对ACLF患者90天预后具有更高的预测价值,且适用于多种病因所致的ACLF患者。

     

  • 注: a,变量选择路径图;b,10倍交叉验证图。

    图  1  基于LASSO回归的变量筛选

    Figure  1.  Variable selection based on LASSO regression

    注: Cys-C,胱抑素-C;SBP,自发性细菌性腹膜炎。

    图  2  基于训练集构建的列线图

    Figure  2.  Nomogram constructed based on training set

    图  3  训练集、内部和外部验证集中预测模型的ROC曲线

    Figure  3.  ROC curve of prediction model in training set, internal and external validation set

    注: a,训练集;b,内部验证集;c,外部验证集。

    图  4  训练集、内部和外部验证集的校准曲线

    Figure  4.  Calibration curves of training set, internal and external validation set

    注: a,训练集;b,内部验证集;c,外部验证集。

    图  5  训练集、内部和外部验证集临床决策曲线

    Figure  5.  The clinical decision curve analysis for the training set, internal and external validation

    图  6  不同病因ACLF患者亚组分析ROC曲线

    Figure  6.  Analysis of subgroups in ACLF patients with different etiologies

    图  7  列线图模型与其他模型评估ACLF预后的ROC曲线

    Figure  7.  Comparison of ROC curves between Nomogram and other models in assessing ACLF prognosis

    表  1  训练集和内部验证集基线特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of baseline characteristics between the training set and the internal validation

    指标 训练集(n=136) 内部验证集(n=58) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 52.45±11.77 52.66±10.49 t=-0.12 0.908
    男/女(例) 96/40 48/10 χ²=3.15 0.076
    病因[例(%)]
    酒精相关 73(53.68) 35(60.34) χ²=0.73 0.392
    HBV感染 17(12.50) 9(15.52) χ²=0.32 0.572
    其他 46(33.82) 14(24.14) χ²=1.79 0.181
    糖尿病[例(%)] 16(11.76) 8(13.79) χ²=0.15 0.694
    高血压[例(%)] 26(19.12) 6(10.34) χ²=2.27 0.132
    肝硬化[例(%)] 116(85.29) 48(82.76) χ²=0.20 0.655
    腹水[例(%)] 99(72.79) 47(81.03) χ²=1.48 0.223
    HE [例(%)] 54(39.71) 18(31.03) χ²=1.31 0.252
    SBP[例(%)] 32(23.53) 17(29.31) χ²=0.72 0.396
    WBC(×109/L) 7.04(4.48~9.84) 5.96(4.27~9.14) Z=-1.18 0.237
    NEU(×109/L) 5.17(2.96~7.96) 4.19(2.70~7.30) Z=-0.86 0.391
    Hb(g/L) 110.00(88.00~127.75) 107.50(90.75~122.00) Z=-0.38 0.701
    PLT(×109/L) 77.00(53.00~107.00) 74.50(51.75~114.50) Z=-0.23 0.821
    INR 1.84(1.63~2.16) 1.77(1.61~1.98) Z=-1.31 0.189
    PTA(%) 35.10(28.25~41.20) 35.65(32.00~41.70) Z=-1.03 0.303
    ALT(U/L) 37.80(24.43~67.43) 42.60(22.83~82.00) Z=-0.30 0.763
    AST(U/L) 80.00(48.85~127.30) 89.50(53.75~148.08) Z=-0.95 0.342
    PAB(mg/dL) 3.70(2.20~5.58) 5.15(2.75~6.85) Z=1.93 0.053
    Alb(g/L) 26.35(23.03~29.98) 27.20(23.28~29.45) Z=-0.51 0.613
    GLO(g/L) 33.32±10.44 33.51±9.05 t=-0.12 0.906
    TBil(μmol/L) 197.00(123.48~383.30) 180.20(124.13~280.95) Z=-0.73 0.466
    Ur(mmol/L) 6.24(3.90~10.10) 5.15(3.40~7.85) Z=-1.48 0.138
    Cr(μmol/L) 68.50(52.00~93.75) 67.50(51.75~100.25) Z=-0.12 0.908
    Cys-C(mg/L) 1.35(1.03~1.76) 1.30(1.00~1.90) Z=-0.08 0.939
    K+(mmol/L) 3.70(3.25~4.20) 3.68(3.10~4.17) Z=-0.55 0.584
    Na+(mmol/L) 135.00(132.00~137.50) 134.00(131.00~137.00) Z=-0.86 0.392
    GLU(mmol/L) 5.61(4.71~7.28) 5.65(5.08~6.75) Z=-0.89 0.375
    TC(mmol/L) 2.11(1.54~2.88) 2.28(1.71~3.06) Z=-1.44 0.149
    TG(mmol/L) 0.80(0.61~1.35) 0.77(0.56~1.23) Z=-1.18 0.238
    HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.22(0.11~0.45) 0.32(0.15~0.48) Z=-1.58 0.115
    MELD评分(分) 20.00(16.00~25.75) 20.00(16.00~24.00) Z=-0.52 0.604
    MELD-Na评分(分) 22.00(18.00~29.00) 23.00(19.00~27.25) Z=-0.11 0.914
    MELD 3.0评分(分) 26.00(23.00~30.00) 25.00(23.00~29.00) Z=-0.51 0.612
    COSSH-ACLFⅡ评分(分) 7.00(7.00~8.00) 7.00(6.00~8.00) Z=-1.15 0.251
    90天死亡 [例(%)] 37(27.21) 14(24.14) χ²=0.20 0.657

    注:HBV,乙型肝炎病毒;HE,肝性脑病;SBP,自发性细菌性腹膜炎;WBC,白细胞计数;NEU,中性粒细胞计数;Hb,血红蛋白;PLT,血小板计数;INR,国际标准化比值;PTA,凝血酶原活动度;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;PAB,前白蛋白;Alb,白蛋白;GLO,球蛋白;TBil,总胆红素;Ur,尿素;Cr,肌酐;Cys-C,胱抑素-C;GLU,血糖;TC,总胆固醇;TG,甘油三酯;HDL-C,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  训练集基线特征比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of baseline characteristics within the training set

    指标 生存组(n=99) 死亡组(n=37) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 50.74±11.99 57.03±9.93 t=-2.85 0.005
    男/女(例) 74/25 22/15 χ²=3.03 0.082
    病因[例(%)]
    酒精相关 57(57.58) 16(43.23) χ²=2.23 0.136
    HBV感染 11(11.11) 6(16.22) χ²=0.26 0.610
    其他 31(31.31) 15(40.54) χ²=1.03 0.311
    糖尿病[例(%)] 5(5.05) 11(29.73) χ²=13.51 <0.001
    高血压[例(%)] 19(19.19) 7(18.92) χ²=0.00 0.971
    肝硬化[例(%)] 81(81.82) 35(94.59) χ²=3.51 0.061
    腹水[例(%)] 73(73.74) 26(70.27) χ²=0.16 0.686
    HE [例(%)] 36(36.36) 18(48.65) χ²=1.70 0.193
    SBP[例(%)] 14(14.14) 18(48.65) χ²=17.82 <0.001
    WBC(×109/L) 6.91(4.52~9.82) 7.27(4.40~10.33) Z=-0.59 0.557
    NEU(×109/L) 5.00(2.78~7.59) 5.83(3.26~8.23) Z=-1.05 0.292
    Hb(g/L) 110.00(88.00~129.00) 112.00(83.00~126.00) Z=-0.37 0.714
    PLT(×109/L) 76.00(53.00~107.00) 79.00(54.50~105.00) Z=-0.52 0.606
    INR 1.84(1.64~2.19) 1.81(1.62~2.15) Z=-0.01 0.996
    PTA(%) 35.10(28.40~41.20) 34.90(28.05~42.20) Z=-0.09 0.930
    ALT(U/L) 37.00(24.40~66.00) 41.00(25.00~72.95) Z=-0.51 0.613
    AST(U/L) 80.00(52.00~116.00) 76.00(31.35~160.15) Z=-0.74 0.459
    PAB(mg/dL) 3.70(2.20~5.70) 3.50(2.40~5.10) Z=-0.24 0.809
    Alb(g/L) 26.30(22.30~30.00) 26.50(23.45~30.40) Z=-0.96 0.335
    GLO(g/L) 34.13±10.85 31.14±9.01 t=1.50 0.137
    TBil(μmol/L) 186.30(117.10~356.40) 256.80(128.40~414.60) Z=-1.31 0.192
    Ur(mmol/L) 5.80(3.55~8.40) 8.41(4.80~15.04) Z=-3.48 <0.001
    Cr(μmol/L) 63.00(49.00~93.00) 87.00(65.00~118.50) Z=-2.87 0.004
    Cys-C(mg/L) 1.21(0.96~1.55) 1.72(1.31~2.26) Z=-4.42 <0.001
    K+(mmol/L) 3.62±0.71 4.06±1.04 t=-2.82 0.006
    Na+(mmol/L) 136.00(132.00~137.70) 134.00(130.00~137.00) Z=-1.39 0.164
    GLU(mmol/L) 5.60(4.70~7.20) 5.80(4.76~8.30) Z=-0.65 0.519
    TC(mmol/L) 2.11(1.54~2.86) 2.00(1.52~2.99) Z=-0.03 0.977
    TG(mmol/L) 0.81(0.61~1.43) 0.78(0.55~1.28) Z=-0.78 0.435
    HDL-C(mmol/L) 0.25(0.13~0.45) 0.15(0.09~0.49) Z=-1.36 0.174
    MELD评分(分) 20.00(16.00~23.00) 22.00(17.50~28.00) Z=-2.14 0.032
    MELD-Na评分(分) 21.00(18.00~27.00) 28.00(20.50~33.00) Z=-2.71 0.007
    MELD 3.0评分(分) 26.00(22.00~30.00) 28.00(24.00~32.00) Z=-1.81 0.070
    COSSH-ACLFⅡ评分(分) 7.00(6.00~8.00) 8.00(7.00~9.00) Z=-4.09 <0.001

    注:HBV,乙型肝炎病毒;HE,肝性脑病;SBP,自发性细菌性腹膜炎;WBC,白细胞计数;NEU,中性粒细胞计数;Hb,血红蛋白;PLT,血小板计数;INR,国际标准化比值;PTA,凝血酶原活动度;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;PAB,前白蛋白;Alb,白蛋白;GLO,球蛋白;TBil,总胆红素;Ur,尿素;Cr,肌酐;Cys-C,胱抑素-C;GLU,血糖;TC,总胆固醇;TG,甘油三酯;HDL-C,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  多因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  3.   Multi-factor Logisitc regression of training set

    指标 β SE Wald OR(95%CI P
    糖尿病 1.763 0.664 7.051 5.831(1.587~21.424) 0.008
    Cys-C 1.093 0.351 9.725 2.984(1.501~5.933) 0.002
    SBP 1.739 0.497 12.254 5.692(2.150~15.071) <0.001

    注:Cys-C,胱抑素-C;SBP,自发性细菌性腹膜炎;OR,比值比;CI,置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-08-18
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