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急性坏死性胰腺炎患者发生下肢深静脉血栓的影响因素及风险评估模型的有效性分析

杨柳 朱刚 曾龙飞 高本见 李波

引用本文:
Citation:

急性坏死性胰腺炎患者发生下肢深静脉血栓的影响因素及风险评估模型的有效性分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260320
基金项目: 

四川省医学科研课题项目 (S23003)

利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:杨柳负责设计论文框架,起草论文;朱刚、曾龙飞负责数据收集,统计学分析,绘制图表;高本见负责论文修改;李波负责拟定写作思路,指导撰写文章并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    李波, liboer2002@126.com (ORCID: 0009-0000-8191-2201)

Risk factors for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis and effectiveness of risk assessment models

Research funding: 

Sichuan Medical Research Project (S23003)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)患者发生下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的影响因素,识别其独立危险因素,比较三种常用血栓风险评估模型(Caprini评分、Padua评分与Wells评分)在ANP患者中预测DVT的有效性,以期为临床识别高危人群并优化防治策略提供参考依据。  方法  回顾性收集2013年4月—2024年4月泸州市人民医院与西南医科大学附属医院收治的320例ANP患者的临床资料,根据住院期间是否发生DVT分为血栓组(n=25)和对照组(n=295)。使用倾向性评分匹配分析比较2组患者的既往史及住院期间各项检查结果,通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析ANP患者住院期间下肢DVT形成的危险因素,并基于独立影响因素建立DVT风险评估模型,进一步通过受试者操作特征曲线评估模型性能。计算并采用DeLong检验比较曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度及特异度。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。  结果  倾向性评分匹配后血栓组24例,对照组112例。两组临床特征分析结果显示,血栓组患者的胰腺坏死程度、D-二聚体水平、急性胰腺炎严重程度床旁指数(BISAP)评分、透析史占比均高于对照组患者(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BISAP评分、胰腺坏死程度、D-二聚体水平是ANP患者住院期间发生下肢DVT的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。BISAP评分+Caprini评分预测患者下肢DVT风险的AUC为0.832(95%置信区间:0.722~0.942,P<0.001),约登指数为1.661,最佳截断值为0.26,敏感度和特异度分别为75.0%和91.1%。  结论  D-二聚体、BISAP评分、胰腺坏死程度是ANP患者住院期间发生下肢DVT的独立危险因素,BISAP评分+Caprini评分评估模型能够有效预测ANP患者的DVT风险。

     

  • 注: ROC曲线,受试者操作特征曲线。

    图  1  3种血栓风险评估模型的ROC曲线

    Figure  1.  ROC curves of three thrombus risk assessment models

    注: BISAP,急性胰腺炎严重程度床旁指数;ROC曲线,受试者操作特征曲线。

    图  2  BISAP评分联合Caprini评分构建预测模型的ROC曲线

    Figure  2.  ROC curve of the prediction model constructed by combining BISAP score and Caprini score

    表  1  ANP患者的基线临床特征

    Table  1.   Baseline clinical characteristics of ANP patients

    变量 匹配前 匹配后
    总计(n=320) 对照组(n=295) 血栓组(n=25) 统计值 P 总计(n=136) 对照组(n=112) 血栓组(n=24) 统计值 P
    性别[例(%)] 203(64.40) 191(64.70) 12(48.00) χ2 =2.11 0.146 71(52.20) 59(52.70) 12(50.00) χ2 =0.00 0.989
    年龄(岁) 48(38~58) 48(38~57) 51(40~71) W=3 038.00 0.144 52(41~62) 52(41~61) 51(40~70) W=1 260.00 0.636
    吸烟史[例(%)] 118(36.90) 110(37.30) 8(32.00) χ2 =0.10 0.756 46(33.80) 38(33.90) 8(33.30) χ2 =0.00 >0.05
    饮酒史[例(%)] 133(41.60) 125(42.40) 8(32.00) χ2 =0.64 0.424 47(34.60) 39(34.80) 8(33.30) χ2 =0.00 >0.05
    高血压病史[例(%)] 99(30.90) 87(29.50) 12(48.00) χ2 =2.88 0.090 51(37.50) 40(35.70) 11(45.80) χ2 =0.49 0.486
    糖尿病病史[例(%)] 90(28.10) 82(27.80) 8(32.00) χ2 =0.05 0.828 38(27.90) 30(26.80) 8(33.30) χ2 =0.16 0.691
    BMI(kg/m2 26.64±3.47 26.51±3.44 28.06±3.56 t=-2.16 0.032 27.94±2.81 27.93±2.62 27.99±3.61 t=-0.09 0.924
    胰腺坏死程度(%) 10.00
    (10.00~20.00)
    10.00
    (10.00~10.00)
    30.00
    (10.00~30.00)
    W=2 184.00 <0.001 0.10
    (0.10~0.20)
    0.10
    (0.10~0.10)
    0.25
    (0.10~0.30)
    W=688.00 <0.001
    血糖(mmol/L) 8.88
    (6.67~13.00)
    8.60
    (6.70~13.00)
    9.92
    (8.17~18.00)
    W=2 768.00 0.038 9.00
    (6.88~13.36)
    8.78
    (6.79~13.07)
    9.77
    (8.08~17.29)
    W=1 073.00 0.123
    总胆固醇(mmol/L) 5.27
    (3.83~8.08)
    5.46
    (3.84~8.37)
    4.77
    (3.76~6.16)
    W=4 228.00 0.212 4.76
    (3.44~6.43)
    4.75
    (3.37~6.83)
    4.89
    (3.76~6.19)
    W=1 304.50 0.824
    甘油三酯(mmol/L) 3.68
    (1.52~15.52)
    3.67
    (1.54~16.06)
    3.74
    (1.48~7.88)
    W=3 866.00 0.667 2.83
    (1.40~7.90)
    2.68
    (1.40~8.01)
    3.90
    (1.44~7.90)
    W=1 272.00 0.683
    白蛋白(g/L) 39.40
    (34.30~43.32)
    39.60
    (34.65~43.50)
    35.40
    (31.40~41.50)
    W=4 736.00 0.018 38.75
    (33.27~42.12)
    39.25
    (33.88~42.32)
    35.95
    (31.35~41.55)
    W=1 616.00 0.120
    ALT(U/L) 34.00
    (20.20~66.62)
    34.00
    (20.09~67.75)
    38.00
    (18.30~48.50)
    W=3 750.00 0.890 36.20
    (20.65~83.15)
    35.90
    (21.00~89.17)
    38.75
    (17.73~54.38)
    W=1 436.00 0.599
    肌酐(μmol/L) 66.00
    (51.00~81.40)
    65.00
    (50.10~80.80)
    75.00
    (58.00~104.00)
    W=2 667.00 0.021 66.00
    (49.72~83.65)
    65.00
    (48.00~77.52)
    75.50
    (58.00~105.60)
    W=956.00 0.026
    CRP(mg/L) 80.94
    (23.00~178.81)
    78.00
    (23.00~174.48)
    94.07
    (20.10~182.54)
    W=3 370.00 0.776 84.97
    (32.01~179.46)
    84.97
    (33.31~165.97)
    88.47
    (20.10~182.54)
    W=1 356.00 0.950
    WBC(×109/L) 12.94
    (9.52~16.24)
    12.93
    (9.50~16.21)
    14.09
    (10.59~18.53)
    W=3 338.00 0.443 12.93
    (9.29~16.75)
    12.79
    (9.06~16.33)
    13.82
    (10.40~18.67)
    W=1 264.00 0.689
    D-二聚体(mg/L) 2.58
    (1.40~5.60)
    2.40
    (1.30~4.94)
    9.80
    (7.16~14.34)
    W=1 006.00 <0.001 3.46
    (1.52~7.44)
    2.83
    (1.49~5.25)
    9.57
    (7.14~14.86)
    W=427.00 <0.001
    BISAP评分(分) 1.00
    (1.00~1.00)
    1.00
    (0.00~1.00)
    2.00
    (2.00~3.00)
    W=1 054.00 <0.001 1.00
    (1.00~1.25)
    1.00
    (1.00~1.00)
    2.00
    (1.75~3.00)
    W=454.00 <0.001
    透析史[例(%)] 21(6.60) 16(5.40) 5(20.00) χ2 =5.79 0.016 10(7.40) 5(4.50) 5(20.80) χ2 =5.56 0.018

    注:ANP,急性坏死性胰腺炎;BMI,体重指数;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;CRP,C反应蛋白;WBC,白细胞计数;BISAP,急性胰腺炎严重程度床旁指数。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  ANP患者发生下肢DVT影响因素的Logistic回归分析

    Table  2.   Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of lower extremity DVT in patients with ANP

    变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
    OR 95%CI P OR 95%CI P
    性别 1.113 0.457~2.712 0.812
    年龄 1.011 0.982~1.040 0.455 1.000 0.959~1.042 0.993
    吸烟史 0.974 0.366~2.426 0.955
    饮酒史 0.936 0.352~2.329 0.889
    高血压病史 1.523 0.616~3.721 0.355
    糖尿病病史 1.367 0.509~3.451 0.518
    BMI 1.008 0.862~1.185 0.923
    胰腺坏死程度 1.027 0.994~1.061 0.107 1.056 1.010~1.111 0.022
    血糖 1.047 0.986~1.109 0.122
    总胆固醇 1.002 0.903~1.076 0.968
    甘油三酯 0.993 0.955~1.020 0.663
    白蛋白 0.933 0.865~1.002 0.063
    ALT 0.998 0.992~1.002 0.402
    肌酐 1.003 1.000~1.007 0.061
    CRP 1.000 0.995~1.004 0.985
    WBC 1.024 0.954~1.096 0.492
    D-二聚体 1.259 1.151~1.398 <0.001 1.217 1.087~1.390 0.001
    BISAP评分 4.866 2.718~9.841 <0.001 3.730 1.868~8.544 <0.001
    透析史 5.632 1.442~22.128 0.011 2.544 0.256~22.511 0.409

    注:因发生ANP的病因有高脂血症、胆道结石等,且ANP为消耗性疾病,此类患者血糖波动大、炎症重、腹腔内脏器水肿导致体循环减少、腹压升高,引起肾功能不全,故观察指标中纳入血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、白蛋白、ALT、肌酐、CRP、WBC。ANP,急性坏死性胰腺炎;DVT,深静脉血栓形成;BMI,体重指数;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;CRP,C反应蛋白;WBC,白细胞计数;BISAP,急性胰腺炎严重程度床旁指数;OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  BISAP+Caprini双评分模型的风险分层与DVT风险的关系

    Table  3.   Relationship between risk stratification in BISAP+Caprini model and risk of VTE

    风险分层 对照组
    n=112)
    血栓组
    n=24)
    OR(95%CI P
    低危组 102 6 1.00
    高危组 10 18 30.60 (10.46~102.45) <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV
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    孙健铭, 宋家明, 潘江皓, 等. 急性下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗策略及安全性分析[J]. 临床军医杂志, 2025, 53( 10): 1019- 1023, 1028. DOI: 10.16680/j.1671-3826.2025.10.06.
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-05-18
  • 录用日期:  2025-11-18
  • 出版日期:  2026-03-25
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