外科辅助经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门静脉高压合并复杂门静脉血栓的效果及安全性分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260313
Efficacy and safety of surgery-assisted transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in treatment of portal hypertension comorbid with complex portal vein thrombosis
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摘要:
目的 探讨外科辅助经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(SA-TIPS)在门静脉高压合并复杂门静脉血栓(包括门静脉海绵样变)治疗中的可行性、安全性及疗效。 方法 选取2023年11月—2025年1月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院收治的36例行SA-TIPS治疗的门静脉高压合并复杂门静脉血栓患者,统计并分析患者的一般情况、手术过程的技术资料(手术成功率、穿刺针数、手术时间、支架使用数量和分流道长度)、围手术期并发症及手术恢复情况等。比较分流术前后门静脉压力梯度(PPG)变化,计算PPG下降达标率和术后1周内支架通畅率。计量资料两组间比较采用配对样本t检验。 结果 36例患者中,34例(94.4%)成功实施SA-TIPS。围手术期并发症发生率为16.7%(6/36),包括胸腹腔出血3例,术中心律失常2例,切口感染1例。SA-TIPS分流后PPG较术前显著下降(t=19.85,P<0.01),其中PPG下降幅度≥50%的患者占76.5%(26/34),1周内影像学复查分流道通畅率为100%。 结论 SA-TIPS治疗合并复杂门静脉血栓(包括门静脉海绵样变)的门静脉高压具有技术成功率高、安全有效的优势,值得临床推广。 -
关键词:
- 高血压, 门静脉 /
- 门静脉血栓 /
- 门体分流术, 经颈静脉肝内 /
- 外科手术
Abstract:Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of surgery-assisted transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (SA-TIPS) in the treatment of portal hypertension comorbid with complex portal vein thrombosis, including cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV). Methods An analysis was performed for the data of 36 patients with portal hypertension and complex portal vein thrombosis who underwent SA-TIPS in Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from November 2023 to January 2025, including general status, technical data of the surgical process (surgical success rate, puncture times, time of operation, the number of stents used, and the length of shunt), perioperative complications, and surgical recovery. The change in portal pressure gradient (PPG) after shunt was compared, and the rate of reaching the standard for PPG reduction was calculated, as well as stent patency rate within 1 week after surgery. The paired samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. Results Among the 36 patients, 34 (94.4%) underwent SA-TIPS successfully. The incidence rate of perioperative complications was 16.7% (6/36), including 3 cases of thoraco-abdominal hemorrhage, 2 cases of intraoperative arrhythmia, and 1 case of incision infection. There was a significant reduction in PPG after SA-TIPS (t=19.85, P<0.01), and the patients achieving a ≥50% reduction in PPG accounted for 76.5% (26/34). Imaging reexamination within 1 week showed a shunt patency rate of 100%. Conclusion SA-TIPS has a high technical success rate, a favorable safety profile, and good efficacy in the treatment of portal hypertension comorbid with complex portal vein thrombosis (including CTPV), and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application. -
表 1 患者一般情况
Table 1. Basic characteristics of patients
项目 数值 男[例(%)] 20(55.6) 年龄(岁) 56(43~61) 病因 肝硬化[例(%)] 27(75.0) 乙型肝炎肝硬化[例(%)] 11(30.6) 丙型肝炎肝硬化[例(%)] 2(5.6) 酒精性肝硬化[例(%)] 4(11.1) 原发性胆汁性胆管炎[例(%)] 1(2.8) 自身免疫性肝硬化[例(%)] 2(5.6) 不明原因肝硬化[例(%)] 7(19.4) 非肝硬化[例(%)] 9(25.0) 肝移植后再发门静脉血栓[例(%)] 1(2.8) 阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿[例(%)] 1(2.8) 骨髓纤维化[例(%)] 1(2.8) 脐带感染病史[例(%)] 2(5.6) 其他[例(%)] 4(11.1) TIPS主要指征 EGVB[例(%)] 1(2.8) EGVB的二级预防[例(%)] 25(69.4) 顽固性腹水[例(%)] 4(11.1) 顽固性胸腔积液[例(%)] 4(11.1) 慢加急性血栓形成[例(%)] 2(5.6) 是否合并肿瘤 不合并肿瘤[例(%)] 29(80.6) 合并肿瘤[例(%)] 7(19.4) 原发性肝癌[例(%)] 4(11.1) 胆管癌[例(%)] 1(2.8) 继发性肝癌[例(%)] 1(2.8) 其他肿瘤[例(%)] 1(2.8) 腹腔手术史 无外科手术史[例(%)] 24(66.7) 有外科手术史[例(%)] 12(33.3) 脾切除术[例(%)] 5(13.9) 胆囊手术[例(%)] 2(5.6) 阑尾切除术[例(%)] 2(5.6) 疝气手术[例(%)] 2(5.6) 肠管切除[例(%)] 1(2.8) 术前检验 白细胞计数(×109/L) 3.94(2.65~5.19) 血小板计数(×109/L) 71.5(52.0~142.5) 血红蛋白(g/L) 82.5(69.0~90.0) Child-Pugh评分(分) 8(6~9) Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] A级 14(38.9) B级 16(44.4) C级 6(16.7) 注:TIPS,经颈静脉肝内门体分流术;EGVB,食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血;Child-Pugh评分/分级,蔡尔德-皮尤评分/分级。
表 2 SA-TIPS的手术实施情况
Table 2. The implementation details of SA-TIPS
项目 数值 分流结果 成功[例(%)] 34(94.4) 未成功[例(%)] 2(5.6) 同期手术 食管胃底静脉栓塞术[例(%)] 15(41.7) 门静脉放射性125I粒子条置入术[例(%)] 1(2.8) 下腔静脉滤器置入术[例(%)] 1(2.8) 穿刺针数 1.7±0.9 1次[例(%)] 18(50.0) 2次[例(%)] 11(30.6) 3次[例(%)] 4(11.1) >3次[例(%)] 3(8.3) 分流道近端位置 肝右静脉[例(%)] 9(26.5) 肝中静脉[例(%)] 10(29.4) 下腔静脉[例(%)] 15(44.1) 分流道远端位置 脾静脉[例(%)] 9(26.5) 肠系膜上静脉[例(%)] 10(29.4) 门静脉主干远端[例(%)] 12(35.3) 门静脉主干近端[例(%)] 3(8.8) 分流道长度(cm) 11.0±2.6 支架植入数量 1枚[例(%)] 13(38.2) 2枚[例(%)] 21(61.8) 复查超声流速 平均流速(cm/s) 121.7±35.2 峰值流速(cm/s) 133.1±41.9 手术时间(h) 4.3±1.1 透视时间(min) 42.7±7.5 累积空气比释动能(mGy) 2 177.5±821.7 拔除气管插管 术后即刻拔除[例(%)] 21(58.3) 转监护室后拔除[例(%)] 15(41.7) 注:SA-TIPS,外科辅助经颈静脉肝内门体分流术。
表 3 围手术期并发症
Table 3. Perioperative complications
并发症 数值[例(%)] 处理 结果 心律失常 室上性心动过速 1(2.8) 停止腔内操作并观察 片刻后恢复心率 房颤 1(2.8) 停止腔内操作并观察 恢复心率 出血 胸腔出血 1(2.8) 术后胸腔引流,应用止血药物 血红蛋白逐渐平稳 腹腔出血 2(5.6) 止血、补液、输血 术后腹腔引流均逐渐减少,无血性液体 感染 系统感染 0(0.0) 预防性应用抗生素 切口感染 1(2.8) 清创再缝合 切口愈合良好 -
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