微小RNA（miRNAs）是进化保守的非编码小分子RNA，它介导转录后靶基因沉默以调节基因表达。由于miRNA参与精细调节的生理反应，它们的已经成为一些疾病的诊断和治疗的指标。此外，失调的miRNA维护恶性表型的作用在癌症的治疗中产生了深远的影响。我们评价了研究最明确的细胞内miRNA和它们与肝细胞癌（HCC）相关的表达谱的变化。细胞内的miRNA也可以被释放到血液循环中，大部分的体液中可以检测到这些miRNAs。循环中的miRNA可能是与肝癌相关的生物标志物。最后，通过作用于几个临床相关的靶点，人为地增加或减少一个给定的miRNA的表达水平，提供治疗展望。
吉林大学第一医院肝胆胰内科 何芳慧 摘译
本文首次发表于[Journal of Hepatology, 2012,56:1371-1383]
本文首次发表于[Journal of Hepatology, 2012,56:1371-1383]
Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNA signatures in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by mediating post-transcriptional silencing of target genes.Since miRNAs are involved in fine-tuning of physiological responses, they have become of diagnosis and therapy of a number of diseases. Moreover, the role of dysregulated miRNAs in maintaining the malignant phenotype has profound implications for cancer therapy. We will review the best defined cellular miRNAs and changes in their expression profile in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cellular miRNAs can also be released into the circulation, and these miRNAs are detected in most body fluids.Circulating miRNAs are associated with HCC and are possible biomarkers.Finally, by affecting several clinically relevant targets, artificially increasing or decreasing the expression level of a given miRNA offers therapeutic perspectives. 
