一个新的丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）核心抗原（HCV抗原）的检测被认为与HCV RNA具有良好的相关性。该文的研究目的是在社区筛检实例中阐明HCV抗原检测的实用性。 HCV是地方性的，在一个HCV流行的乡镇中，405名年龄大于或等于58岁的居民参与了这项社区筛检性随访研究。所有受试者均检测抗-HCV（AxSYM，版本3.0，雅培诊断）和HCV抗原（Arichitect HCV抗原检测;雅培诊断）。针对抗-HCV的信噪比（S / CO）>10和/或HCV抗原> 3 fmol/升的样品进行了进一步HCV RNA 定量检测（荧光定量丙型肝炎病毒RNA，Roche Diagnostics公司）。总共有115（28.4％）个受试者进行了血清HCV RNA水平检测，其中93例HCV RNA阳性。其他290位受试者HCV RNA 定量应该是阴性。 HCV抗原与丙型肝炎病毒RNA之间有很好的相关性，可以用以下公式表示：(log HCV RNA)=2.08+1.03 (log HCV Ag) (R2=0.94; P<0.001)。使用抗-HCV（S / CO>40），HCV抗原（> 3 fmol/升）作为cutoff值来预测病毒血症，其敏感性，特异性，准确性 ，阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为96.8％，99.3%，100％，100％和99％。结论：社区筛查研究中，HCV抗原与HCV RNA呈良好的相关性。而且，使用抗-HCV（> 40 S / CO）和HCV抗原（> 3 fmol/升）的组合可以很好的预测丙型肝炎病毒血症。
　　A new hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCV Ag) assay was thought to have a good correlation with HCV RNA. The aim was to elucidate the usefulness of this HCV Ag assay in community screening. In a township where HCV is endemic, 405 residents aged 58 years or older responded to a follow-up community screening. All subjects were tested for anti-HCV (AxSYM, version 3.0; Abbott Diagnostics) and HCV Ag (Architect HCV Ag test; Abbott Diagnostics). For subjects with anti-HCV signal-to-cutoff ratios (S/CO)>10 and/or HCV Ag>3 fmol/liter, HCV RNA data (Taqman HCV RNA; Roche Diagnostics) were further checked. A total of 115 (28.4%) subjects had their serum HCV RNA levels measured, and 93 were HCV RNA positive. The other 290 subjects were supposed to be HCV RNA negative. HCV Ag was significantly correlated with HCV RNA according to the following equation: (log HCV RNA)=2.08+1.03 (log HCV Ag) (R2=0.94; P<0.001). As determined using a combination of the values for anti-HCV (S/CO>40) and HCV Ag (>3 fmol/liter) as a cutoff to predict viremia, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 96.8%, 100%, 99.3%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. In conclusion, for a community study, HCV Ag showed good correlation with HCV RNA. In addition, anti-HCV or HCV Ag can predict HCV viremia well, while a combination of anti-HCV (>40 S/CO) and HCV Ag (>3 fmol/liter) can provide the best result validity.